Science vs. the Big Bang & Evolution: A Concise Look
by Jeff Miller, Ph.D.



[NOTE: The following article is a special section within the Apologetics Press study Bible, currently scheduled to be released in 2020. In order to stay in keeping with the “concise” approach, the typical references have been omitted. The reader is referred to our Web site and monthly journal Reason & Revelation for citation of the many relevant articles on these subjects.]

Many within Christendom have attempted to create compatibility between naturalistic evolution (i.e., cosmic evolution—the Big Bang Theory plus Darwinian Evolution) and Scripture. Before even spending time attempting to reconcile Scripture with such theories, however, one should first consider whether evolution is even a rational scientific theory to begin with—supported by the evidence.

According to the Big Bang Theory, all matter and energy that comprise the Universe were originally in an infinitely dense “spec” (a singularity) roughly 14 billion years ago. That “cosmic egg” expanded faster than the speed of light for well less than one second (i.e., “inflation”), and now continues to expand indefinitely. Particles began forming in the first few seconds, atoms after 380,000 years, the first stars after 200-300 million years, and our solar system and Earth roughly nine billion years later.

According to the secular model, some 800 million years later (3.8 billion years ago), life sprang into existence on Earth and Darwinian evolution began. The initial single-celled organisms eventually evolved into multicellular organisms (and the earliest plants), which eventually evolved into invertebrates, which then evolved into vertebrates. Vertebrate fish evolved into amphibians, then reptiles, which gave rise to dinosaurs and mammals. Dinosaurs evolved into birds, and mammals ultimately evolved into primates. The genus homo, within the primate group, arrived some 2-3 million years ago, ultimately evolving into humans.

There are many problems with this “just so” story as proposed by naturalists. Here are 15 of them, some of which apply to naturalistic evolution exclusively, and some to both naturalistic and “supernaturalistic” evolution:

The origin of laws of science: At the heart of science is man’s discovery of the laws of nature that govern the Universe, telling it how to behave. These laws exist, and yet there is absolutely no evidence from nature that such laws can “write” themselves into existence. One cannot be a naturalist and believe such a thing happens, since there is no evidence that such a thing could happen in nature. To believe that the laws of science could write themselves would require a blind “faith.”

The origin of matter/energy: Not only would the laws that govern the Universe have to create themselves, but the physical material of the Universe would have to either be eternal or create itself. The Big Bang model asserts that the Universe began with all matter/energy in one place and it rapidly expanded eventually forming the Universe. Those who believe the matter of the Universe was the result of a quantum fluctuation must also believe in a quantum field of energy that “fluctuated.” No naturalistic model explains the origin of all matter/energy, but rather, what happened to that already existing material at the beginning. Again, upon examination of the scientific evidence from the natural realm, one discovers three relevant laws of science which prohibit a natural origin of the Universe. The First Law of Thermodynamics indicates that in nature, matter and energy do not create themselves from nothing. Energy can be converted into matter (and vice versa), but the sum total amount of matter/energy in the Universe must be constant. Either matter/energy in the natural realm were created by Something outside of the natural realm, or matter/energy are eternal. Few cosmologists today would accept the latter in light of the findings of the Second Law of Thermodynamics—entropy happens. We are steadily running out of usable energy—that is, the Universe is “wearing out” or “running down,” implying that it could not have existed forever or we would long since have exhausted all usable energy and be in a state of Universal heat death. The Law of Causality—perhaps the most fundamental of all scientific laws—indicates that every effect that we see in the natural realm always has a cause. Since the Universe is an effect, it requires a cause. Since matter/energy could not exist forever or create itself in a natural way, the Cause must be outside of (i.e., super-) nature.

The Horizon/Flatness problems: Several decades ago cosmologists observed that the entire Universe appears to have the same temperature, implying that there had to be sufficient time for every location in the Universe to have exchanged its energy with other locations and come to equilibrium. Some places in the Universe, however, are too far from each other to have had time to exchange their energy if the Big Bang model is correct. This problem has been termed the Horizon problem. Further, based on the Big Bang model, if the Universe is billions of years old, when we examine the composition of energy in the Universe, the ratio of gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy in the Universe (i.e., W) should be either zero or enormous if the Universe is as old as is claimed. The evidence, however, indicates that W is estimated to be close to the very unlikely number one, making the Universe very close to “flat” in curvature (rather than “closed” or “open”). That discovery would seem to imply that either the Universe is not actually billions of years old, or that W was initially exactly one to within 15 significant figures—an occurrence so unlikely that it would appear that the Universe was finely tuned (i.e., designed).

A lack of evidence for inflation: Inflation was invented, in part, to resolve the Horizon and Flatness problems and yet, to date, there is absolutely no evidence for inflation. Even if it were true, other problems would exist, such as what caused inflation and what caused it to stop? Although inflation is essential for the Big Bang model, accepting it amounts to grasping an irrational blind “faith,” and ironically, leading naturalistic cosmologists acknowledge that fact. Inflation theory is not science.

A lack of evidence for dark energy: Big Bang theorists see the evidence for Universal expansion—a key observation undergirding the theory—but cannot (with their model) explain why the expansion of space appears to be accelerating, rather than decelerating, as would be expected based on the Big Bang model. In an attempt to be consistent with the blind “faith” theme of modern cosmology, dark energy was invented to attempt to explain the accelerated expansion. An enormous “fudge factor,” so to speak, was added to the cosmological equation. Presumably, an unknown, unobserved and possibly unobservable energy in space—an energy thought to make up 73% of the Universe, but which we do not know exists—is driving the accelerated expansion. The Big Bang model does not adequately explain the evidence.
The smoothness problem: The Big Bang model relies on the fundamental assumption known as the Cosmological Principle—the idea that the Universe is uniform and homogeneous (i.e., spread out evenly). Once again, however, the actual observable evidence indicates that the Universe is not smooth, but rather, is “clumpy” (e.g., there exist stars, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, etc. that clump rather than spread out). The Universe is characterized by deviations from homogeneity. The Universe should be smooth if the Big Bang is true, but it is not.

Missing antimatter: Energy can be t***sformed into matter, according to the First Law of Thermodynamics, but when it happens, an equal amount of antimatter (basically normal matter with a reversed charge on its particles) is always produced—without exception according to the laboratory evidence. So if the Big Bang is true and energy was t***sformed into all of the matter of the Universe at the beginning, there should have been an equal amount of matter and antimatter produced—but there clearly was not, or else when the two touched, they would have been immediately destroyed, releasing their energy. Today the Universe is virtually completely composed of regular matter. (Apparently the Big Bang did not occur.)
The Fermi Paradox: If the Big Bang model is true, it would be inconceivable that other life—even advanced life—does not exist somewhere in the Universe with its billions of stars and even, presumably, more planets. Such life should have long ago colonized our region of the Universe, and yet there is absolutely no evidence for the existence of extraterrestrials. If one predicts that aliens should exist and should have been noticed by humans by now if the Big Bang Theory is true and that prediction fails upon examining the evidence, then the Big Bang Theory has been effectively falsified by the evidence.

The Anthropic Principle: The “Anthropic Principle” is the term used by leading cosmologists to describe the incredibly fine-tuned nature of the Universe. Mounting evidence indicates that it seems to have been perfectly designed for life on Earth to exist. In order to by-pass the supernatural implication of the scientific evidence for design (i.e., that there must be a Designer for the Universe), many cosmologists are suggesting that our Universe is one of an infinite number within a “multiverse,” and we “happen” to live in the right one. Other cosmologists, however, point out that such a hypothesis not only requires a blind faith (having no evidence to support it, making it irrational), but it merely “moves the goal posts.” The sleight-of-hand only begs the question: what would cause the multiverse to exist—God?

Origin of life: Even if the Big Bang happened, at some point, non-living substances had to spontaneously come to life. When we examine the evidence, however, we find that in nature, life always and exclusively comes from life—a fundamental biological rule known as the Law of Biogenesis. In order to be a naturalist, one must ignore the mountain of scientific evidence for biogenesis and blindly believe that something unnatural occurred at least once (i.e., abiogenesis). In short, one must cease to be a naturalist and become a super-naturalist like us. The problem of the first life spontaneously animating, however, is greater than is perhaps often considered. The first organism could not be simple, since it required an operating program to control its functions and also had to be equipped with a replication system, or its death would have promptly ended its evolutionary journey before it began. Absolutely no evidence exists that such a “just so” story could occur.

Darwinian evolution (i.e., macroevolution) lacks solid evidence: After the hypothetical, original life spontaneously animated, Darwinists contend that it eventually evolved into all forms of life we see today. In order for a theory to be rational, however, it must have sufficient evidence to support it. Upon examination of the alleged evidences for evolution, however, they are found, without exception, to be either erroneous (e.g., alleged embryonic recapitulation; horse and whale evolution in the fossil record; vestigial organs and genes; t***sitional forms; human/chimp c********e fusion; mitochondrial DNA; and radio-isotope dating techniques); irrelevant (e.g., natural se******n, which explains the survival of the fittest, not their arrival; geographic distribution; evidences of microevolution, like “Darwin’s finches,” English peppered moths, the evolution of bacterial antibiotic resistance, epigenetics, and fruit fly evolution, which represent mere diversification within already existing kinds rather than evidence of evolution across phylogenic boundaries into distinctly different kinds of creatures); or inadequate (e.g., homologous structures and genetic similarities). Macroevolution is found to be merely a wishful dream conjured by naturalists, rather than a conclusion warranted by the actual scientific evidence.

Origin of genetic information: A single-celled organism is substantially different from a human being, genetically speaking. In order for macroevolution to happen—evolving a single-celled organism into a distinctly different organism—nature must have a mechanism to generate new raw material or genetic information in living organisms over time. No such mechanism is known to exist. Rather, the observable evidence indicates that information is always and exclusively the product of a sender or mind. It is not generated spontaneously from nothing. Neo-Darwinists speculate that genetic mutations could be the mechanism that drives change, but according to the observable evidence, genetic mutations do not create new raw material. It’s not rocket science: without a mechanism to evolve a creature, a creature cannot evolve.

Jesus was not the Messiah, he was not the son of God, nor was he God. He fulfilled no messianic prophecy. What he did fulfill from the OT is prophecy about the modern day idol of Israel. But I do believe in his second coming. He has been kicked out of Heaven and reincarnated. Isaiah 14:12. "How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning!..." Lucifer means "morning star" and that was who Jesus claimed to be. Revelation 22:16. His new name is William Alan Troetschel and he will be the leader of the "sons of darkness". The name (Hashem) of the Messiah is the Branch, the Cross, and the Word. Name one complete prophecy from the OT that you claim Jesus fulfilled. By complete I mean an entire Psalm, paragraph, or chapter. Don't take verses out of context.

Yeshua was in fact the Son of God. He said, "I and my Father are One." The t***slation of the word "One" into the original language is neutral, it means "I and my Father are the SAME THING. Yeshua IS NOT, nor ever was or ever will be Lucifer. You've got this so twisted that it is impossible to find anything Biblical at all in your comments.

The Case for Christ A two year investigation into historical facts about Yeshua.

Yeshua was in fact the Son of God. He said, "I and my Father are One." The t***slation of the word "One" into the original language is neutral, it means "I and my Father are the SAME THING. Yeshua IS NOT, nor ever was or ever will be Lucifer. You've got this so twisted that it is impossible to find anything Biblical at all in your comments.

The Case for Christ A two year investigation into historical facts about Yeshua.

Satan is Jesus' father and Christians are his prisoners. II Timothy 2:26. "And that they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him at his will". The Vatican is modern day Babylon. Satan is a p*******e and so is his church, going all the way up to the Pope. The NT is the doctrine of Satan. Job 31:35-36. "Oh that one would hear me! behold, my desire is, that the Almighty would answer me, and that mine adversary had written a book. Surely I would take it upon my shoulder, and bind it as a crown to me". Satan means "adversary". Revelation 2:24. "...as many as have not this doctrine, and which have not known the depths of Satan..." IOW, if you adhere to the NT, you have known Satan.

You are projecting, but everybody does it. Isaiah 53:6. "...and the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all". Christians claim Jesus fulfilled over 300 prophecies but they are verses that are cherry picked and taken out of context. Jesus fulfilled no messianic prophecy. If Jesus was the Messiah, ALL of prophecy would have been fulfilled. I challenge you to name one complete/entire prophecy that was fulfilled by Jesus? What Jesus did fulfill was prophecy about the modern day idol of Israel. We can talk about the crucifixion, the betrayal, or all the signs of the Messiah's birth or rebirth. Wh**ever floats your boat.

Here are 100 Messianic prophesies out of 355 in the Old Testament. Do I need to post the rest?

"Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil."
Yeshua ha Massiach (Matthew 5:17)

OT Scripture................................Prophecy..........................................................NT Fulfillment
1. Gen. 3:15......................Seed of a woman (virgin birth)......................................Galatians 4:4-5, Matthew 1:18
2. Gen. 3:15......................He will bruise Satan's head...........................................Hebrews 2:14, 1John 3:8
3. Gen. 3:15......................Christ's heel would be bruised with nails on the cross.......Matthew 27:35, Luke 24:39-40
4. Gen. 5:24......................The bodily ascension to heaven illustrated......................Mark 16:19, Rev. 12:5
5. Gen. 9:26, 27.................The God of Shem will be the Son of Shem.......................Luke 3:23-36
6. Gen. 12:3......................Seed of Abraham will bless all nations............................Galatians 3:8, Acts 3:25, 26
7. Gen. 12:7......................The Promise made to Abraham's Seed.............................Galatians 3:16
8. Gen. 14:18....................A priest after the order of Melchizedek.............................Hebrews 6:20
9. Gen. 14:18....................King of Peace and Righteousness....................................Hebrews 7:2
10. Gen. 14:18..................The Last Supper foreshadowed .......................................Matthew 26:26-29
11. Gen. 17:19..................Seed of Isaac (Gen. 21:12).............................................Romans 9:7
12. Gen. 22:8....................The Lamb of God promised.............................................John 1:29
13. Gen. 22:18..................As Isaac's seed, will bless all nations...............................Galatians 3:16
14. Gen. 26:2-5.................The Seed of Isaac promised as the Redeemer....................Hebrews 11:18
15. Gen. 28:12..................The Bridge to heaven.....................................................John 1:51
16. Gen. 28:14..................The Seed of Jacob..........................................................Luke 3:34
17. Gen. 49:10..................The time of His coming...................................................Luke 2:1-7; Galatians 4:4
18. Gen. 49:10..................The Seed of Judah..........................................................Luke 3:33
19. Gen. 49:10..................Called Shiloh or One Sent................................................John 17:3
20. Gen. 49:10..................Messiah to come before Judah lost identity........................John 11:47-52
21. Gen. 49:10..................Unto Him shall the obedience of the people be...................John 10:16
22. Ex. 3:13-15.................The Great "I AM".............................................................John 4:26; 8:58
23. Ex. 12:3-6...................The Lamb presented to Israel 4 days before Passover...........Mark 11:7-11
24. Ex. 12:5......................A Lamb without blemish...................................................Hebrews 9:14; 1Peter 1:19
25. Ex. 12:13....................The blood of the Lamb saves from wrath.............................Romans 5:8
26. Ex. 12:21-27................Christ is our Passover.......................................................1Corinthians 5:7
27. Ex. 12:46....................Not a bone of the Lamb to be broken..................................John 19:31-36
28. Ex. 15:2......................His exaltation predicted as Yeshua.....................................Acts 7:55, 56
29. Ex. 15:11....................His Character-Holiness......................................................Luke 1:35; Acts 4:27
30. Ex. 17:6 .....................The Spiritual Rock of Israel................................................1Corinthians 10:4
31. Ex. 33:19....................His Character-Merciful........................................................Luke 1:72
32. Lev. 1:2-9...................His sacrifice a sweet smelling savor unto God........................Ephesians 5:2
33. Lev. 14:11..................The leper cleansed-Sign to priesthood...................................Luke 5:12-14; Acts 6:7
34. Lev. 16:15-17..............Prefigures Christ's once-for-all death....................................Hebrews 9:7-14
35. Lev. 16:27..................Suffering outside the Camp..................................................Matthew 27:33; Heb. 13:11, 12
36. Lev. 17:11..................The Blood-the life of the flesh..............................................Matthew 26:28; Mark 10:45
37. Lev. 17:11...................It is the blood that makes atonement...................................Rom. 3:23-24; 1John 1:7
38. Lev. 23:36-37..............The Drink-offering: "If any man thirst"...................................John 7:37
39. Num. 9:12...................Not a bone of Him broken...................................................John 19:31-36
40. Num. 21:9...................The serpent on a pole-Christ lifted up...................................John 3:14-18; 12:32
41. Num. 24:17.................Time: "I shall see him, but not now."....................................John 1:14; Galatians 4:4
42. Deut. 18:15................."This is of a t***h that prophet."..........................................John 6:14
43. Deut. 18:15-16............."Had ye believed Moses, ye would believe me.".....................John 5:45-47
44. Deut. 18:18...................Sent by the Father to speak His word..................................John 8:28, 29
45. Deut. 18:19...................Whoever will not hear must bear his sin..............................Acts 3:22-23
46. Deut. 21:23...................Cursed is he that hangs on a tree.......................................Galatians 3:10-13
47. Joshua 5:14-15..............The Captain of our salvation...............................................Hebrews 2:10
48. Ruth 4:4-10...................Christ, our kinsman, has redeemed us..................................Ephesians 1:3-7
49. 1 Sam. 2:35...................A Faithful Priest................................................................Heb. 2:17; 3:1-3, 6; 7:24-25
50. 1 Sam. 2:10...................Shall be an anointed King to the Lord...................................Mt. 28:18, John 12:15
51. 2 Sam. 7:12...................David's Seed.....................................................................Matthew 1:1
52. 2 Sam. 7:13...................His Kingdom is everlasting..................................................2Peter 1:11
53. 2 Sam. 7:14...................The Son of God..................................................................Luke 1:32, Romans 1:3-4
54. 2 Sam. 7:16...................David's house established forever.........................................Luke 3:31; Rev. 22:16
55. 2 Ki. 2:11......................The bodily ascension to heaven illustrated.............................Luke 24:51
56. 1 Chr. 17:11...................David's Seed......................................................................Matthew 1:1; 9:27
57. 1 Chr. 17:12-13..............To reign on David's throne forever..........................................Luke 1:32, 33
58. 1 Chr. 17:13.................."I will be His Father, He...my Son.".........................................Hebrews 1:5
59. Job 9:32-33...................Mediator between man and God............................................1 Timothy 2:5
60. Job 19:23-27.................The Resurrection predicted...................................................John 5:24-29
61. Psa. 2:1-3.....................The enmity of kings foreordained..........................................Acts 4:25-28
62. Psa. 2:2........................To own the title, Anointed (Christ)........................................John 1:41, Acts 2:36
63. Psa. 2:6........................His Character-Holiness........................................................John 8:46; Revelation 3:7
64. Psa. 2:6........................To own the title King...........................................................Matthew 2:2
65. Psa. 2:7........................Declared the Beloved Son.....................................................Matthew 3:17, Romans 1:4
66. Psa. 2:7, 8....................The Crucifixion and Resurrection intimated..............................Acts 13:29-33
67. Psa. 2:8, 9....................Rule the nations with a rod of iron.........................................Rev. 2:27; 12:5; 19:15
68. Psa. 2:12......................Life comes through faith in Him.............................................John 20:31
69. Psa. 8:2.......................The mouths of babes perfect His praise...................................Matthew 21:16
70. Psa. 8:5, 6....................His humiliation and exaltation...............................................Hebrews 2:5-9
71. Psa. 9:7-10...................Judge the world in righteousness...........................................Acts 17:31
72. Psa. 16:10....................Was not to see corruption.....................................................Acts 2:31; 13:35
73. Psa. 16:9-11.................Was to arise from the dead...................................................John 20:9
74. Psa. 17:15....................The resurrection predicted.....................................................Luke 24:6
75. Psa. 18:2-3...................The horn of salvation............................................................Luke 1:69-71
76. Psa. 22:1......................Forsaken because of sins of others.........................................2 Corinthians 5:21
77. Psa. 22:1......................"My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?"........................Matthew 27:46
78. Psa. 22:2......................Darkness upon Calvary for three hours.....................................Matthew 27:45
79. Psa. 22:7......................They shoot out the lip and shake the head...............................Matthew 27:39-44
80. Psa. 22:8......................"He trusted in God, let Him deliver Him"...................................Matthew 27:43
81. Psa. 22:9-10..................Born the Saviour...................................................................Luke 2:7
82. Psa. 22:12-13................They seek His death..............................................................John 19:6
83. Psa. 22:14.....................His blood poured out when they pierced His side.......................John 19:34
84. Psa. 22:14, 15................Suffered agony on Calvary.....................................................Mark 15:34-37
85. Psa. 22:15.....................He thirsted..........................................................................John 19:28
86. Psa. 22:16.....................They pierced His hands and His feet........................................John 19:34, 37; 20:27
87. Psa. 22:17, 18................Stripped Him before the stares of men.....................................Luke 23:34, 35
88. Psa. 22:18.....................They parted His garments.......................................................John 19:23, 24
89. Psa. 22:20, 21................He committed Himself to God..................................................Luke 23:46
90. Psa. 22:20, 21................Satanic power bruising the Redeemer's heel..............................Hebrews 2:14
91. Psa. 22:22......................His Resurrection declared.......................................................John 20:17
92. Psa. 22:27-28.................He shall be the governor of the nations....................................Colossians 1:16
93. Psa. 22:31....................."It is finished"...........................................................John 19:30, Heb. 10:10, 12, 14, 18
94. Psa. 23:1......................."I am the Good Shepherd"......................................................John 10:11, 1Peter 2:25
95. Psa. 24:3.......................His exaltation predicted ........................................................Acts 1:11; Philippians 2:9
96. Psa. 30:3.......................His resurrection predicted.......................................................Acts 2:32
97. Psa. 31:5......................."Into thy hands I commit my spirit"..........................................Luke 23:46
98. Psa. 31:11......................His acquaintances fled from Him..............................................Mark 14:50
99. Psa. 31:13......................They took counsel to put Him to death ....................................Mt. 27:1, John 11:53
100. Psa. 31:14, 15..............."He trusted in God, let Him deliver him"....................................Matthew 27:43