Zemirah,
You provided a semi-skewed biased, inaccurate overview of the religious and historical events from the the Council of Trent documents.
1. There are 289 pages issued from the the Council of Trent documents. There were 25 sessions, and not 3 sessions among other errors.
2. Please get your Council of Trent facts accurately and correctly.
3. Read the Council of Trent documents, and be enlightened, with original source documents on the religious historical factual knowledge.
4. There is no ambiguity on how the Catholic Church responds to the Protestant Reformation and how the Catholic Church response's has being described as the Counter-Reformation. The reforming the Catholic Church, e.g. ending of buy indulgences etc. . And argued against and decree's of Luther's 99 thesis and heretical Reformation theology.
The Catholic Church reaffirmed: e.g. The teachings of Jesus Christ, the Apostles, New and Old Testament Bible, Sacred Church Traditions, teaching of early church Fathers, and writings of many Church leaders and writers of Catholicism Theological Doctors of the Catholic Church defined in the 289 pages from the Council of Trent.
The Decree (Chapters) on Justification, The original source on the Council of Trent documents. you will read later below # 5.
1. The Council of Trent. The Bull of Indiction:
The Bull Of Indiction Of The Sacred Ecumenical And General Council Of Trent Under the Sovereign Pontiff, Paul III
https://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent/ctbull.html 2. The Council of Trent. Overview, Table of Content:
The canons and decrees of the sacred and oecumenical Council of Trent,
https://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent.html 3. The Council of Trent:
The canons and decrees of the sacred and oecumenical Council of Trent,
https://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent/trentall.html 4. Notes and J. Waterworth's Preface:
The Council of Trent The canons and decrees of the sacred and oecumenical Council of Trent, Ed. and translation by Rev. J. Waterworth.
https://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent/trpref.html 5. Doctrinal Summary: (of every Chapter and Canon on Justification)
a. Council of Trent: List & Summary of the Canons on Justification
Read more at
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/davearmstrong/2015/11/council-of-trent-canons-on-justification.html#mBHkXHd2umAcjeD8.99Doctrinal Summary [of the Council of Trent in 1588]
(of every Chapter and Canon on Justification)
It is certainly easier to comprehend the Doctrinal Summary's 20 points from the Council of Trent than get lost in the myriad of prepositional phrases in the original text.
11/16/2015 Council of Trent: List & Summary of the Canons on Justification
David Armstrong
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/davearmstrong/2015/11/council-of-trent-canons-on-justification.html. . . (with a handy summary of Tridentine soteriology)
1. Man cannot justify himself (which includes works): contra Pelagianism and Semi-Pelagianism: Decree on Justification: chapter 5; Canons 1, 2, 3 on Justification.
2. Justification is by Grace Alone: Decree on Justification: chapter 8; Canon 10.
3. Initial justification by Grace Alone may be increased through mortification, observing God’s commandments, and works (see James 2:24): Decree on Justification: chapters 7,10, 11.
4. Justification by Faith Alone is false: Decree on Justification: chapter 11; Canons 9, 29.
5. Good works and merit proceed wholly from the grace of God through the work of Jesus Christ on our behalf (not from ourselves). They are necessary but they do not earn salvation, which
is by grace alone: Decree on Justification: chapter 16; Canons 18, 19, 20, 24, 26, 32, 33.
6. Man must cooperate with God’s grace in order to receive an increase in justification: Canons 4, 22.
7. Good works done in God’s grace really are good, and not evil because of our fallen nature, and they deserve a reward (not salvation, but recompense): Canons 6, 7, 25, 31.
8. Extrinsic, imputed, merely external or declared justification is false: Canon 11.
9. “Faith in one’s own faith” or “assurance of salvation” is false: Decree on Justification: Chapters 9, 12; Canons 12, 13, 14, 15.
10. Men can fall away from grace (but not faith) and justification, through mortal sin, and must persevere: Decree on Justification: Chapters
11, 13, 15; Canons 16, 17, 23, 27, 28.
11. Temporal punishment for sin in this world and the next (purgatory) is necessary for most people: Canon 30.
12. Men are fallen (original sin) and are by nature children of wrath, and cannot be saved by the law: Decree on Justification: Chapter 1.
13. Man has a free will: adversely affected and limited by the fall, but not extinguished: Decree on Justification: Chapter 1.
14. Jesus Christ is the propitiator, through His blood, for the sins of the whole human race (universal atonement): Decree on Justification: Chapter 2.
15. Being born again and regenerated is necessary for grace, justification, redemption, and reception of the benefits of Christ’s death (justification through Christ): Decree on Justification: Chapters 3, 4.
16. Adults can and must be disposed by God’s grace to accept God’s graces for justification, repent, do penance, and be baptized: Decree on Justification: Chapters 6, 7.
17. Justification and sanctification are joined together, caused by Jesus Christ’s Passion on the Cross and God’s grace, and accepted freely by man. Faith, hope, and charity are also infused
in this justification: Decree on Justification: Chapter 7.
18. Those who fall away from following the Lord and from grace can be restored through the sacrament of penance: Decree on Justification: Chapter 14.
19. The fear of hell is not a sin: Canon 8.
20. One must obey Jesus Christ as well as trust Him: Canon 21.
Zemirah Hi DB,
Of course they were heretical (departure from established beliefs or standards).
They were not only heretical, they were also apostate (abandonment of one's religious faith, political party, one's principles).
Just as the Apostle Peter forewarned all Christian believers in the book of 2nd Peter, written ca 65 A.D.
(Peter was martyred in Rome by Nero, 68 A.D.).
2nd Peter 2:1-3:
"Now there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. They will secretly introduce destructive heresies that even deny the Master who bought them, bringing swift destruction on themselves.
Many will follow in their depravity, and because of them the way of the truth will be defamed.
In their greed, these false teachers will exploit you with clever lies to gain possession of your money. God condemned them long ago, their longstanding verdict remains in force, and their destruction will not be delayed."
St. Paul warned Titus against false teachers who taught "things which they ought not, for filthy lucre's sake" (Titus 1:11)
When a council finally met at Trent, it was because Emperor Charles V, who ruled much of Europe, insisted on it. He thought that the best chance of winning the Protestants back to Catholicism was for the church to clean up its act. The pope did not agree. Seeing Protestant ideas as heresy he wanted only to define Catholic doctrine and condemn the heretics. The council had finally done a bit of both theology and reform.
A brief summation of the Council of Trent:
The Council of Trent, held between 1545 and 1563 in Trento, northern Italy, was an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church. Motivated as a reaction against Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the Counter-Reformation.
Martin Luther protested that the Roman church was corrupt because they taught Christians man-made doctrines that had no support in scripture, i.e., they could buy indulgences to get souls of loved ones out of purgatory. Against this, Luther argued that justification is by faith alone. As a result, whole nations left the Catholic church.
Because the Bible declares Salvation to be a free gift of God, it cannot be purchased with money.
(Ephesians 2:8)
On the subject of our salvation, the New Testament writers use different Greek words — words that emphasize the absolutely free quality of the gift. These are the two words most commonly used for the gift of salvation:
1) Dorea, meaning “a free gift.” This word lays particular stress on the gratuitous nature of the gift—it is something given above and beyond what is expected or deserved. Every New Testament occurrence of this word is related to a spiritual gift from God.
It is what Jesus offers to the Samaritan woman at the well (John 4:10).
It is called the “free gift” in Romans 5:15.
It is the “unspeakable [or indescribable wrote:
gift” in 2 Corinthians 9:15.
This gracious gift is identified as the Holy Spirit in Acts 2:38; 8:30; and 11:17.
The adverb form of this word is dorean, translated “freely” in Matthew 10:8; 2 Corinthians 11:7; Revelation 21:6; 22:17.
In Romans 3:24, immediately following God’s pronouncement of our guilt, we have this use of dorean: “Being justified FREELY by His grace, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.”
The gift of salvation is free, and the motive for the gift is nothing more than the grace of the Giver.
The Council of Trent had three sessions, with a rather important interruption in the middle:
1545–1547: First session: apologies, minutes, and matters arising.
Basically, the Council said that everything the Church said and did was right, but they questioned whether bishops really ought to visit their bishoprics (a diocese) at least once.
1551–1552: Second session: still on agenda item 3. The Council sorted out the Church’s position on Communion, but it still couldn’t decide about those bishops and their bishoprics.
1555–1559: No Council: a four-year comfort break.
In 1555, Cardinal Carafa (in charge of the Inquisition) became Pope Paul IV. Paul IV thought there had been too much hot air spouted at Trent, and had a big drive on discipline instead, placing a large number of titles on the Church’s Index of Banned Books.
Paul IV died in 1559, and the reformers breathed a sigh of relief.
1562–1563: Third session: This third session summed everything up in the definitive Tridentine (meaning “from Trent”) Decrees:
The Tridentine Decrees were intended to make Catholicism a much more intense personal experience, instead of just a set of mechanical rituals.
The Church started running off a printed Catechism, explaining what Catholics believe in an FAQ style; this text is still in use today.
Catholics were to go to Confession more often and really make a clean breast of things.
To help people confess, Carlo Borromeo, the charismatic Archbishop of Milan, designed the confessional box, with a screen so you weren’t able to see the priest’s face clearly and he wasn’t able to see the penitant’s.
The Council of Trent on January 13, 1547 approved a decree on justification (the way God excuses our improprieties against Him after we have sinned) after months of difficult debate.
Reading God's Holy Scriptures would have been much quicker, as well as more accurate.
The doctrine of Justification was issued as sixteen chapters of their own invention, followed by thirty-three binding statements, or canons, all aimed against Protestant ideas.
The council decided that grace is necessary at each step of justification, however, man's free will must cooperate.
The council declared Justification is more than forgiveness of sins: it is God's ongoing "process" of making a person new and good.
The council denied that Faith is the only condition of salvation, but was instead only its beginning/foundation/root.
The council decreed that before the grace of justification could grow, obedience to God's commands is required.
The council also decided that justification can be lost by certain sins, and no man can ever be sure that he will be finally saved.
Holy Scripture refutes everyone of these positions as heretical.
gift” in 2 Corinthians 9:15. br This gracious gi... (
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