I have attended services during Sukkot, i.e., the Feast of Tabernacles, Michael, with Messianic Jewish worshipers of Yeshua/Jesus, and on other occasions with Jews who believe their Messiah has not yet appeared.
The Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot) points to the final phase of God's plan of redemption for mankind — the Second Coming of Christ and the Millennium. It is rich in spiritual meaning for both Christians and Jews.
The Feast of Tabernacles is unique in that among the Festivals of the Lord it specifically invites the Gentile nations to participate. (Deuteronomy 31:10-12) It is also unique in that the Bible tells us, it will be celebrated throughout the Messianic Age. Zechariah 14:16-19 makes it clear that during the Millennium, all the nations of the earth will celebrate Sukkot, the Feast of Tabernacles. The Feast of Tabernacles was also called the "Feast of Ingathering" (Exodus 23:16)
In addition to the many verses referring to the Feast is the dedication of the First Temple (aka Solomon's Temple)
(1st Kings 8).
The First Temple was built by Hebrew King Solomon with assistance from the Gentile King Hiram. (1st Kings 5)
Believing Jew and Gentile together as one has always been part of God's plan of redemption.
Leviticus 23 outlines seven annual
"appointed times" of the Lord. The Hebrew word for
"appointed times" translates as “feasts” and/or “festivals” in most English Bibles. Though called feasts/festivals, they are actually special Holy Days created by God for the purpose of our meeting with Him. Each Feast/Festival of the Lord has three defining characteristics: the people of God observe the festivals in the present to remember past works of God, all the while looking ahead to greater future works of God.
The first four feasts were prophetic foreshadows of the first-coming of Yeshua/Jesus. Consequently, Yeshua /Jesus fulfilled the first four feasts in His first-coming, and He will fulfill the remaining feasts in His second coming.
Usage: Succoth
Literally: booths [temporary dwellings]
Strong's Number: H5523
Hebrew Base Word: סֻכּוֹת
Part of speech: Proper Name Location
Definition: Succoth, the name of a place in Egypt and of three in Palestine.
Detailed definition: The site where Jacob put up booths for his cattle and built a house for himself; apparently east of the Jordan near the ford of the torrent Jabbok and later allotted to the tribe of Gad.
The 1st stopping place of the Israelites when they left Egypt.
Derived terms: Or סֻכֹּת; plural of H5521; booths.
"And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot that were men, beside children." ( Exodus 12:37)
Sukkot expresses the joyous transition of the Israelites from the arid desert to a place of trees and rivers, and commemorates the miraculous protection God provided for the children of Israel when they left Egypt.
Sukkot, the Feast of Tabernacles, also known as the "Feast of Booths," and the "Feast of Ingathering" is the seventh and last feast that the Lord commanded Israel to observe and one of the three feasts that Jews were to observe (together with Pesach (Passover) and Shavuot (Pentecost)) each year by going to "appear before the Lord your God in the place which He shall choose" (Deuteronomy 16:16). They were commanded to make a pilgrimage to the Temple in Jerusalem. It follows the solemn High Holy Days holiday of Yom Kippur, also known as the Day of Atonement. The holiday of Sukkot lasts seven days.
The Appointed Time of Sukkot was always been a time of great rejoicing for the Jewish people in the past, just as it is today: for those awaiting their Messiah, for the Messianic Jews who worship Jesus as their Messiah, and for many modern secular Jews who observe their most prized historical cultural traditions, even if lacking belief in the God who commanded them.
The most prominent symbol in all of Sukkot is that of the Sukkah, the booth in which the observant Jewish family will dwell for the duration of the Festival. Many Jews are so eager for this joyful time together with family and friends that they’ll immediately begin constructing their sukkah at Yom Kippur’s closure on 10 Tishrei - five days prior to 15 Tishrei - when the Torah commands families to commence their booth-dwelling week.
The Bible instructs: “You are to live in sukkot” (Leviticus 23:42); implicit in that command is that a sukkah had to be constructed. Although the Torah is vague regarding the actual construction, Jewish rabbis have provided direction as to how this process looks.
The sukkah is required to be built outside - “in a yard or on a roof, or even, for city dwellers, on a balcony” - and to have three walls, made of materials selected by the builder (e.g. wood, brick, tarp). The sukkah’s appearance illustrates it’s temporary nature, evoking thoughts not only of the transitory time of the children of Israel in the desert, but of our own quickly-passing earthly lives:
“For we that are in this tabernacle do groan, being burdened: not for that we would be unclothed, but clothed upon, that mortality might be swallowed up of life.” (2nd Corinthians. 5:4)
The roof of the sukkah - it’s most important feature - must be covered by “anything that grows from the ground, such as branches, two-by-fours, and bushes” (Kasdan). In the Middle East, the most often used materials are palm branches. It is mandatory that the roof include openings whereby its occupants can observe the stars at night, yet again signifying the temporariness of the structure and its builders.
The following Psalm comes to many a stargazer’s mind as he or she beholds the vast expanse:
"When I observe Your heavens, the work of Your fingers, the moon and the stars, which You set in place, what is man that You remember him, the son of man that You look after him?" (Psalm 8:3-4)
Once a family has erected and decorated their sukkah - it is a mitzvah (commandment) for every Jew to participate in the process - on 15 Tishrei, the first holiday meal for the festival is to be enjoyed by the family inside the sukkah.
There are at least three commands given by God in relationship to the Feast: the children of Israel are to
1) dwell in Sukkot (booths), 2) gather the Four Species, and 3) Rejoice.
It is a positive commandment from the Torah [Leviticus 23:40] to gather together the Four Species during Sukkot: "On the first day you shall take the product of hadar trees, branches of palm trees, boughs of leafy trees, and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before Adonai your God seven days."
The 1) Etrog (citron fruit), 2) Lulav (frond of date palm) 3) Hadass (myrtle bough) and 4) Aravah (willow branch) - are the four species the Jewish people are commanded to bind together and wave in the sukkah, the temporary booth constructed for use during the week-long festival of Sukkot, in remembrance of their temporary shelters during the forty years they wandered in the wilderness. It is celebrated as the end of the harvest and agricultural year.
An etrog, or citron, a lemon-like fruit from Israel (“choice fruit”). The etrog, with its sweet taste and pleasant smell, is representative of a “person with knowledge of the Torah and good deeds.”
The lulav, or palm branch (“palm fronds”). The fruit of this branch being sweet, yet without fragrance, is said by rabbis to represent “people [who] have knowledge, but no good deeds.”
The hadas, or myrtle (“thick branches”) has a nice aroma, yet is tasteless, thereby symbolic of the person possessing “good deeds without true knowledge.”
And an arava, or willow (“river-willows”). This last of the four species contains “neither taste nor smell, [representing] the person who lacks both knowledge and deeds.”
(Messianic believers contend that no person but One, the Messiah, could ever be classified as that which the etrog represents. The prophet Isaiah attests to this when he says that even the best of our deeds are but filthy rags before a Holy God (Isaiah 64:6).
The Apostle Paul, too, acknowledged that even with his years of Rabbinical training, prior to His encounter with Yeshua/Jesus, that he was “ignorant” (1st Timothy 1:13). Yeshua/Jesus alone is perfect in Torah knowledge and adherence. The rest of us may attain some level of Torah/Tanakh/Biblical literacy and obedience, but still are found desperately wanting. Without Messiah/Yeshua/Jesus, mankind can only be represented by one of the remaining three "species.")
Once the four species are gathered, prior to outset of the festival, they are bundled together, with the palm branch occupying the central position. Once wrapped together, The components of the lulav (called such because of the palm branch’s central position), mustn’t come apart, as the four species together represent the tetragrammaton, the four Hebrew characters for the Holy Name of the God of Israel.
On each evening of the festival, special blessings are recited over the lulav. The lulav is then “waved in every direction, symbolizing the harvest and God’s omnipresence over His world” (Kasdan), and, at synagogue services, accompanied by chants of the Hallel, or Praise Psalms (i.e. Ps. 113-118), included is this familiar entreaty to God from Psalm 118:26: “Ana Adonai Hoshiana!” (Save us Lord!).
During the 400 "silent years," between the Old and New Testaments, two very important additions were made to observing Sukkot: the “water libation” and “illumination of the Temple” ceremonies, symbolizing the outpouring of the Spirit and the glory of God's presence with men; and both of them declared the deity of Yeshua/Jesus.
Each morning of the Feast of Sukkot began with a water pouring ritual called the “water libation” ceremony. The High Priest led a joyful procession of priests, musicians, and worshippers from the Temple to the Pool of Siloam, filled a golden pitcher with water, and returned to the Temple through the Water Gate, entered the Temple, and poured the water into a basin at the foot of the altar as he prayed.
The water libation ceremony had a twofold purpose. The first purpose of the ceremony was to thank the Lord for the current harvest and to ask Him to provide abundant rain for the crops in the coming year. Israel was an agrarian society for which the autumn and spring rains were a matter of life and death. In addition, the water libation ceremony served as a reminder of God's provision of water for their ancestors in the wilderness.
Second and more importantly, the water libation ceremony was prophetic of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. In Jewish tradition, the waters of Siloam were called the “wells of salvation”, based on Isaiah 12:3. And it is with these waters that the kings of the House of David, from whom the Savior would come, were anointed. Thus, the pouring out of water on the altar was symbolic of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit in the coming Messianic Age.
Yeshua/Jesus, with the backdrop of the water libation ceremony, declared His Deity, giving a public invitation to accept Him as the source of the living water of salvation in John 7:37-39:
“On the last and greatest day of the festival, Yeshua/Jesus stood and said in a loud voice, 'Let anyone who is thirsty come to Me and drink. Whoever believes in Me, as the Scripture has said, rivers of living water will flow from within them.' By this He meant the Spirit, whom those who believed in Him were later to receive. Up to that time, the Spirit had not been given since Yeshua (Jesus) had not yet been glorified.'”
By identifying Himself as the source of living water Yeshua/Jesus revealed Himself as the promised Messiah. This was the first of two profound statements concerning His Deity made during the Feast of Tabernacles.
The second post-Mosaic tradition added to the Feast of Tabernacles celebration was the “illumination of the Temple” ceremony. The Temple was on a hill above the rest of the city, with the light illuminating the night sky all around Jerusalem. This grandiose ceremony involved the lighting of four gigantic golden lampstands (candelabra) within the Women's Courtyard of the Temple. According to the Mishnah (oral traditions of the rabbis), each of the lampstands stood 50 cubits high. A cubit is approximately equal to the length of a forearm, typically about 18 inches long, making each lampstand roughly 75 feet tall — the height of a 7-story building!
Each lampstand had four branches, and at the top of each was a 5-10 gallon bowl for a lamp, a total of 16 large bowls. Young priests-in-training carrying 5-10 gallon pitchers of olive oil climbed ladders to fill the four golden bowls atop each lampstand. Then, using worn out priestly garments as wicks, they set the oil ablaze to remind the people of the pillar of fire that had guided their ancestors in their wilderness journey after their exodus from Egypt.
During the illumination of the Temple ceremony, Jesus would make the claim, “I am the Light of the world. He who follows Me will not walk in the darkness, but will have the Light that gives life.” (John 8:12)
All those in attendance would have understood His statement as an obvious claim to Deity.
In summary, it is also known as the "season of our joy," the Feast was a time of thanksgiving for the current harvest. The people of God are called to celebrate and rejoice with one another during this set-apart time of Sukkot. Ancient Jewish sages are said to have commented, in regard to the celebratory nature of Sukkot: “He who has not seen the rejoicing at Sukkot celebrations has never seen rejoicing in his life” (Sukkah 5:1; quoted by Parsons).
Our focus will be upon Yeshua/Jesus Himself, for there awaits an even greater joy when He fulfills Sukkot in His Second Coming, for He will rule the earth from King David's throne in Jerusalem for 1,000 years, in fulfillment of the promise God made to David, after which there will be a new heaven and earth, and Jesus will forever "dwell among us." "Your house and your kingdom will endure forever before me; your throne will be established forever."
(2nd Samuel 7:16)
All believers in Yeshua/Jesus the Messiah, can say “He who has not experienced the joy of salvation in Yeshua has never tasted joy in its fullness!”
Jewish Publication Society - Tanakh
Walking With Yeshua, William L. Nowell
https://israelmyglory.org/article/tabernacles-in-the-millennium/https://www.bibleversestudy.com/johngospel/john7-feast-of-tabernacles.htmMichael Rich wrote:
Zechariah 14:00 is a interesting look into the future.
The feast of Tabernacles will be celebrated by all nations.
I highly doubt that it will be the only one of God's hebrew festivals observed at that time.