JW wrote:
Science is quite capable of determining what life is. Any meaning applied to life is entirely subjective and quantifiable only to the accepted parameters of the individual making the consideration.
True. However the issue of sentience is a whole 'nother matter.
Quote:
We do it all of the time. The value of a cow’s life is somewhere around $1.10 a pound on the hoof. A mouse’s life is set at zero value. The value of a purebred dog or cat may be established at several thousand dollars.
True. See my previous post on the valuation of human life via medical and social costs.
Quote:
Science explores the biological conditions of life. In religion and ethics, the inviolability or sanctity of life is a principle of implied protection regarding aspects of sentient life that are said to be holy, sacred, or otherwise of such value that they are not to be violated. Some cultures on earth love their neighbors, other cultures destroy them. If you are going to allow the drawing of conclusions from implied t***hs in religion and ethics then you must also allow the same in science.
Science explores the biological conditions of life... (
show quote)
Agreed.
Quote:
Science cannot explain:
1) Existential T***h: Science cannot prove that you aren’t merely a brain in a jar being manipulated to think this is all actually happening (think of something like in the movie “The Matrix”.) It also cannot prove that the world wasn’t created 5 minutes ago with the appearance of age (and with f**e memories in your head, and half-digested food in your stomach, etc). However, it’s still rational to believe that our memories are true and that the world is real. Reality as measured is the first principal of science. It is a conclusion drawn from the implications of experience as understood by the mind.
Science cannot explain: br br 1) Existential T**... (
show quote)
Reality, unfortunately, is also colored (even in science) by perceptual biases and foregone conclusions which may be influenced by religion, politics or many other factors.
Quote:
2) Moral T***h: Science cannot prove that rape is evil. While it is possible to demonstrate, for example, that there are negative physical or psychological effects of rape, there is no scientific test that can prove it is evil. Science can describe how the natural world is, but moral t***h carries an “oughtness” (how things should be) that goes beyond what merely is. Rape is not evil except as defined by human society. When a spider, a tiger or a bear engages sexually with a mate, that exchange is not evil irrespective of the coercion involved. It simply is the organism responding to its genetic programming. Rape is the same for homo sapiens except we have made it a violation of a social more and defined it as evil.
2) Moral T***h: Science cannot prove that rape is ... (
show quote)
Murder, theft, adultery and rape are all human concepts that are societal in nature. Defining them is universally accepted in order to keep a society civil and avoid anarchy.
Quote:
3) Logical T***h: Consider the statement, “Science is the only way to really know t***h.” How could you prove that statement by science? It is actually self-refuting because there is no scientific test you could use to prove that it is true! Science cannot prove logic to be true because it assumes and requires logic in order for it to work.
The same trust can be granted to science as that which you grant to religion. Basic assumptions in both areas are grants of trust. In religion, the assumption is that a creation requires a sentient creator. In science/philosophy, the basic assumption is that a string of related facts which hold true reaches a conclusion that can be relied upon.
3) Logical T***h: Consider the statement, “Science... (
show quote)
It may appear to be circular logic, but empirical evidence, not logic, is the basis of scientific fact. Scientific theory is based on that scientific fact derived from the empirical evidence. Observed fact 1 combined with observed fact 2 can be extrapolated to provide theory A. When it comes to religion, we are minus the observed facts, and are left only with the theory without any empirical evidence. Therein lies the difference.
Quote:
4) Historical T***h: Science cannot prove that Donald T***p w*n the 2016 United States p**********l e******n. There is no scientific test we could perform to prove it. We could have an investigation if we wanted to confirm that he did actually win, but the method for proving historical t***hs is different from testing scientific t***hs since historical t***hs are by nature non-repeatable. Math is a tool of science. The rules governing the 2016 e******n provide the parameters. Within those parameters, Donald T***p w*n the e******n per the mathematical standards that apply.
4) Historical T***h: Science cannot prove that Don... (
show quote)
Historical t***h, unless backed up by undisputed empirical evidence, is always written by the victor. In the case of an e******n, the b****t count (which can be verified for the most part) is the scientific proof of who had the majority of the v**e. Most of us accept manual counting as a verifiable basis for determining this.
Quote:
5) Experiential T***h: Science cannot prove that your spouse loves you. When asked why so-and-so loves you, you may cite precedent (times when their behavior demonstrates their love for you), but this is a particular type of historical t***h. There is no scientific test that can confirm a lifetime of experience of knowing a person. Religion cannot prove that your spouse loves you. It can only provide behavioral parameters with which you can judge the fidelity of your mate’s devotion to you.
5) Experiential T***h: Science cannot prove that y... (
show quote)
When it comes to behavioral parameters, I would have to say that it is intuitive at best. People lie; gold-diggers sell their souls to become heirs to wealthy elders; spouses c***t and lie about it. Trying to discern this kind of t***h requires having to prove with empirical evidence that the intuitive conclusion that is drawn is truly correct. Neither religion nor science can prove this without the actual evidence of wh**ever is intuited.
Quote:
Apart from some microbes and plants, nearly all the living things in the world reproduce sexually. It is something that we take so much for granted that we don’t realize how much of an evolutionary anomaly it is. An entire half of a species—the males—are unable to produce any offspring at all while still using up the same amount of resources from the environment. Why go through so much effort to develop a mechanism that is a clear disadvantage in the long run? Actually, most bees, wasps, etc. and some frogs, salamanders and geckos reproduce parthenogenetically as well. Occasionally, parthenogenesis occurs among higher animals. Sexual reproduction is hardly a disadvantage. It requires robust individuals and provides the best insurance for the survival of the species.
One of the most favored theories is that sex helps breed out harmful mutations, but that doesn’t seem to be the case. When scientists studied 700 genes of various organisms, they found the number of harmful mutations to be a whopping 0.5 per individual per generation. For the drawbacks that come with it, that is not enough to justify sexual reproduction. As much as we like to have it, sex remains something that we still don’t quite understand. Sex ensures competition for mates. Again, providing the best insurance for the survival of the species.
Apart from some microbes and plants, nearly all th... (
show quote)
Not being a biologist, I can't comment with any expertise on this ... however on superficial reading, both viewpoints apparently could be valid.