(Continued from above)

All these untoward events might be accepted as the cost of the war, but only if the currency had enabled the Congress to bring the resources of the country to bear on the war effort. That, however, was emphatically not the case. On the contrary, the paper money plus the absence of significant taxation tended to disperse the resources of the country and the energies of the people. Congress and the states were continually short of money, whereas the populace had an abundance. In consequence, the production, t***sport, trading, and provision of goods and services were concentrated on the civilian population, and the armed forces received short shrift.
In the later stages of the war, as already noted, the army had to abandon the use of the paper money substantially and turn to direct methods to get goods and services. This was not only an inconvenient and inefficient method of gathering material but also made people resent the army. For example, here are reports of the situation in Virginia in 1781 — at a time when a major British army was concentrated there and Washington was about to win his greatest victory. An agent sent to impress t***sport reported: "I have been much perplexed, for after having impressed them, the owners of some, by themselves or others, have taken, in the nighttime, a wheel or something to render them useless; and I don’t recollect any law to punish them, if it could be proved." The Quartermaster wrote to the war office: "Let me entreat, sir, that something may be done to draw the people with their means of t***sportation into the service willingly. I find them so opposed to every measure that is oppressive that it is almost impossible to effect anything of consequence that way. Many of the teamsters upon the late occasion have deserted with their wagons after throwing their loads out at improper places…."37

Nor were taxes in kind a way to get goods where they were wanted. General Washington wrote to the President of Pennsylvania in 1782: "A great proportion of the specific articles have been wasted after the people have furnished them, and the t***sportation alone of what has reached the army has in numberless instances cost more than the value of the articles themselves."38 It is not difficult to explain why this was so. The commodities had been taken without reference to a particular need, had been stored where no army might appear, except by accident, and were often spoiled when they were wanted. By contrast with this poor form of barter, the market is an efficient and felicitous device when acceptable money is in circulation; the market tends to make the goods available where and when they are wanted, and money is flexible: it can call forth a variety of goods.

The American cause was not lost as a result of the inflation. It was won despite the inflation. But victory was almost certainly delayed for several years; much suffering resulted; and the people’s confidence had been sorely tried. Indeed, we have not finished yet in this work with the consequences of the inflation, for they followed into the Confederation period. But the lessons of the experience were not lost on the leaders of that generation. In time, they were used to try to prevent a recurrence of the mistakes. Unfortunately, we cannot report that these lessons are still remembered to the seventh generation.

Next: The American Triumph.

By: Clarence Carson

—FOOTNOTES—

¹ Curtis Nettels, The Emergence of a National Economy (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1962), p. 42.

2 Quoted in Albert S. Bolles, The Financial History of the United States, I (New York: D. Appleton, 1896, 4th ed.), p. 208.

3 See Nettels, op. cit., p. 24.

4 See William G. Sumner, The Financier and the Finances of the American Revolution, I (New York: Dodd, Mead, and Co., 1891), p. 98. Sumner indicates that one estimate runs well over $300 millions, but that it includes reissues.

5 See John R. Alden, A History of the American Revolution (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969), p. 255.

6 See Bolles, op. cit., pp. 150-57.

7 Nettels, op. cit., p. 24.

8 Bolles, op. cit., p. 39.

9 Ibid., p. 43.

10 Ibid., p. 39.

11 Ibid., p. 193.

¹2 Nettels, op. cit., p. 24.

13 John C. Miller, Triumph of Freedom (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1948), p. 458.

¹4 Sumner, op. cit., p. 274.

¹5 Nettles, op. cit., p. 25.

¹6 Samuel E. Morison, The Oxford History of the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1965), p. 230.

¹7 Bolles, op. cit., p. 260.

18 Ibid., pp. 121-22.

¹9 Sumner, op. cit., pp. 46-47.

²º Bolles, op. cit., p. 119.

²¹ Ibid., p. 121.

22 Sumner, op. cit., pp. 56-57. ²³ Ibid., p. 61.

²4 Bolles, op. cit., p. 68.

25 Ibid., p. 132.

26 See Sumner, op. cit., pp. 142-52.

27 Ibid., p. 239.

28 Bolles, op. cit., p. 139.

29 Ibid., p. 128.

30 Ibid., pp. 176-78.

3¹ Ibid., p. 216.

32 Ibid., p. 206.

33 Ibid.

34 Miller, op. cit., p. 463.

35 See Sumner, op. cit., p. 86.

36 Ibid., pp. 94-95.

37 Ibid., pp. 152-53.

38 Ibid., p. 243.

The Function of Price

The price system is the control board, the regulator, the thermostat — as it has been variously put — by which economic conduct is determined in a private-enterprise economy.

The guidance provided by prices has two main aspects. In the first place, by setting up judgments as to the significance of each factor the price system calls forth and allocates the available productive resources. Under the influence of price each factor flows into the channel which — according to the market’s evaluation —promises the greatest result. In the second place, through the same market appraisal that directs the utilization of productive factors, the price mechanism awards shares in output to those who furnish personal services of various kinds, to those who — by accumulating and investing — provide the tools, and to all others who make contributions in the opinion of the market. Moreover, prices chart the course of the consumer as he utilizes the general claim to output which has been awarded to him.

From Shirtsleeve Economics: A Commonsense Survey by William A. Paton

Marxism in America: The Final Stages
Ray DiLorenzo ~ August 17, 2019
Much of what we see happening all across this country began as a spin-off of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia that made its way to Germany and then the United States. These German Marxists, or C*******ts, started a school of social theory called the Frankfurt School; a school that was dedicated to the destruction of Western civilization.

What they taught was ‘Critical Theory.’ Remember that term for it has guided the Left for generations and has been highly successful. It is defined as a philosophical approach to culture that seeks to confront the social and political forces that constrain society. It all sounds very intellectual and deep thinking, but the essence of it is POWER, the gaining and holding of it. It is all that matters. And with that power destroy the culture, values and political institutions that make Western Civilization and America great.

Their goal is to change society, t***sform our beliefs from the ground up, leaving fertile ground for c*******m to grow and flourish. It is what Saul Alinsky practiced and preached to the likes of Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama and countless others on the Left.

When Hitler threw out these Marxists, not wanting any competition, they made their way to the United States, first finding a home at Columbia University. From there they branched to Yale, Harvard, Stanford, Berkeley, etc. They are now deeply embedded in our education system from kindergarten on up, our political institutions, Hollywood, and the mass media.

Max Horkheimer of the Frankfurt School defined their effort in 1937:
The revolution won’t happen with guns, rather, It will happen incrementally, year by year, generation by generation. We will gradually infiltrate their education institutions and their political offices, t***sforming them slowly into Marxist entities as we move toward universal egalitarianism.

In their world, power is a zero sum game. You have it, we want it, we get it, leaving you with zero. To them, there are only two kinds of people, oppressors and the oppressed. Western Civilization dictates that we live by rules of social conduct, how we treat each other, much of it gleaned from our Judeo-Christian ethic. Critical Theory would say that these rules, or laws of God, are holding you back, oppressing you, for there is no t***h, only the reality you create. That’s why the Left sees detention centers as concentration camps.

The oppressors today, as seen by the Left, are white, Christian older men, the founders and now caretakers of Western Civilization or, as they would see it, the authors of the rules of the game. The oppressed are everyone else who must abide or be destroyed by them.

Hitler and the Bolsheviks knew well, you must have an ‘enemy-of-the-people’ to vanquish. Of course, once they are vanquished, you’re stuck with ‘now what do we do?’ In the case of Russia, Germany, and all other Socialist/C*******t countries, you begin k*****g people. After all, you are no longer restrained by God or by a code of ethics.

Can anyone deny this has happened in the past and is happening today to the point of violence? When you look around, you hear bitter voices yelling w***e s*******y, r****m, oppression, along with the demand to live any way one chooses, with not only acceptance, but the demanding of approval.

The critical theorists said they were going to change society, and so they have. Aided by a perverted education system, media and deep state, we have several generations who look at life with despondency. They were taught from childhood that the ‘system’ is r****d against them. Many of them are angry, wearing black masks, carrying all types of weapons, including firearms. If you examine the manifestos of the recent New Zealand (51 dead, 50 injured) and El Paso (22 dead, 24 injured) mass murderers, you’ll find both were eco-f*****ts. They spoke of shrinking forests, the environment, ‘green societies’, and overpopulation.

What has frustrated these C*******ts are three things…God, Trump, and the 2nd Amendment. God is still on His throne and many Americans will not deny Him the power in their lives. Obama mocked these people in 2008 as h*****g on to their guns and religion.

I believe that God appointed Donald Trump for such a time as this, a strong leader who understands the enemy. President Trump is not just a President, he is the leader of a grand movement to restore America. Let me remind my Christian friends that God chooses those according to His will, the imperfect, for we are all incomplete until we die.

Throughout our history, the 2nd Amendment has been a stumbling block for every enemy of this nation, foreign and domestic. Admiral Yamamoto knew even if Japan managed to destroy the U.S. Navy, they could never invade the United States, for there would be a “citizen with a gun behind every blade of grass.”

We are in the fight for our lives, our families, and our way of life, literally. The Left has felt close to the final stage of their struggle for some time and will only get more determined, more resolved. Donald Trump is a setback, a hindrance they will not accept for much longer.

Give these Democrats/Socialists/C*******ts nothing!...no power, no gun control, no compromise, nothing! They will say and do anything. They are the snake in the tree whispering in our collectives ears with promises of earthly paradise and will beguile us to give up our rights. Let them get mad. Let them show themselves by their actions and reactions as to who they are.

As Margaret Thatcher said to President George H. Bush, “Now don’t go wobbly on me.”

Babyboomer on the right keep telling us how screwed up this country is today. Even thou we do have the largest military but we have the strongest military in the world and that’s only because we have the most nuclear weapons by far and we could destroy this world 100 times over. Why we need to destroy the world 100 times I don’t know.

But the Babyboomers have accumulated the massive debt that we are leaving the progressives to pay and they are the millennials.

So the Babyboomers born between 1946 to 1964 during the Jim Crowe area in the south grew up living with r****m that’s all they know. So let’s not get upset with the r****t right wingers on OPP because they were brought up as r****t and you have to understand you will never get threw to these people. After all everything that comes out of Trumps mouth is a lie and these people don’t care because Trump is one of them.

He can defy laws it’s okay, he can lie, he can defy subpoenas they don’t Care, he can destroy every government agency charged with keeping this country safe they don’t care. He explode the deficit exceed federal budget by $1.2 trillion per year they don’t care. He can shutdown the government over a fence and create a phony national emergency these people don’t care. He can swap love letters with the most murderous dictator since Hitler (KIM JONG-un they don’t care, he can defy all of our intel agencies and side with another dictator Vladimir Putin, he wants to give the Saudis an $8.2 billion contract to build US nuclear weapons as a way to get US nuclear technology to the (MUSLIM NATION OF SAUDI ARABIA) and these people could care less. He calls the KKK, Neo-N**ies, W***e S*********t good people and they love ❤️ it. Trump has increased the income in-e******y from 60% to 82% and these people could care less.

So let’s get to the reason why they support Trump and why they reject millennials. Trump has told you his father was his mentor and he was a card carrying member of the KKK so he is one of them. The millennials are attempting to fix this country in a progressive way by education, eliminate poverty and starvation, and giving every American in this country healthcare and these people h**e it. But the Trump lovers love the fact that Trump gave the upper 1% a 19% tax cut with no way to pay for it and explode the deficit. But he will blame the democrats for no infrastructure bill and that’s not the case the democrats asked Trump how he intends to pay for it.

But millennials want to eliminate a few wealthy tax loopholes that would give every American free community college. But that’s a bad idea. Millennials try to point out that the wealthy loopholes create a loss of $685 billion in lost revenue to the federal government and who will prosper most by educated the American people (OUR CAPITALIST) the progressive want to give our poor a path out of poverty by educating and feeding the poor. The republicans want wealthy tax cuts.

But the r****t element love Trump because he is one of them. That’s why these people could care less that the Russians hacked our e******n, they could care less that Trump knew they were doing it and never called the FBI and when the FBI found out that Trumps people were in contact Trump denigrated everybody at the FBI. these people now love Putin I hear these people on OPP make statements that the Russians have done nothing to us.

So you have to understand these people know nothing else they are blind r****t and nothing Trump does is wrong as long as he continues to attack anybody that’s not white.

Will you continue to worship Trump?


Donald Trump has made the US economy a centerpiece of his re-e******n campaign, relishing reports of steady job growth and low rates of unemployment.

But now, concerns of an economic downturn, buoyed by the president’s escalating trade wars, have threatened to undermine the core of his case for a second term in the White House.

Trump’s handling of the economy has earned him flashes of positive marks in an otherwise polarizing tenure in office. But since the stock markets plunged nearly 3% on Wednesday – the sharpest declines on Wall Street this year – the president has been beset by anxiety over the possible impact of an American recession on his watch.

“The economy is absolutely critical to his re-e******n,” said Michael Steel, a former aide to the retired House speaker John Boehner. “The handling of the economy is, generally speaking, the only issue that he is viewed positively on in polling.

MABA....Make Alexandria Bartender Again!!!!

Tug484 thanks for giving me an idea for new thread...If i get rich off this thread i will share it with you!!!

Iam wondering if any of our past c*****e c****e deniers are coming around to finally believing that c*****e c****ed is real, is dangerous to mankind, and is caused largely by man's activities that put increased amounts of carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere.

I am particularly wondering if our denier-in-chief, Blade-Runner, is finally coming around, or if he is just as oblivious to the overwhelmong scientific evidence as he always has been.

C*****e c****e is real. Unless measures are taken to halt it or slow it down, you, your children and your grand children are going to have to suffer its results.

Got any feelings about this ?

Trolls, don't bother commenting.