hprinze wrote:
All citizens are not natural born citizens.
Natural born citizen was defined by the Supreme Court in 1875. The definition is born in the U.S of two U.S. citizen parents (pliral). That is a binding precedent and is the only definition that counts.
If all citizens are not natural born citizens then no citizens are natural born citizens. If no citizens are natural born citizens, then no citizens can be President of the United States. Some citizens have been President of the United States, ex: John Quincy Adams, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, & Ronald Reagan.
I'm not aware of what Supreme Court from 1875 you are explicitly referring to, but I suppose that you are refering to the case of Minor v. Happersett. In that case, the Court states that "Congress shall have power "to establish a uniform rule of naturalization." Thus new citizens may be born or they may be created by naturalization. The Constitution does not, in words, say who shall be natural-born citizens."
They further go on to state that: "Under the power to adopt a
uniform system of naturalization Congress, as early as 1790, provided "that any alien, being a free white person," might be admitted as a citizen of the United States, and that the children of such persons so naturalized, dwelling within the United States, being under twenty-one years of age at the time of such naturalization, should also be considered citizens of the United States, and that the children of citizens of the United States that might be born beyond the sea, or out of the limits of the United States, should be considered as natural-born citizens. These provisions thus enacted have, in substance, been retained in all the naturalization laws adopted since. In 1855, however, the last provision was somewhat extended, and all persons theretofore born or thereafter to be born out of the limits of the jurisdiction of the United States, whose fathers were, or should be at the time of their birth, citizens of the United States, were declared to be citizens also."
Furthermore, the Court states that "it is apparent that from the commencement of the legislation upon this subject alien women and alien minors could be
made citizens by naturalization, and we think it will not be contended that this would have been done if it had not been supposed that native women and native minors were already citizens by birth."
All of this flatly contradicts what you have said. It points out that some citizens are formed by naturalization. All citizens are not natural born citizens is contradicted by the Court pointing out that some citizens are natural born citizens. More than likely, these people were listed as President, like Ronald Reagan, since Article II section One states that "No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President."
Those uniformity of naturalization laws in our current era, which are passed by Congress, would allow for naturalization if at least one parent is an American citizen.
At the most, no person who is neither a natural born citizen nor a citizen, are eligible to the Office of President. All person who are natural born citizen or a citizen are eligible to the Office of President.