Smedley_buzkill

I wonder what the ancient Romans could have accomplished if they had had Arabic numerals to work with? Pick a prime number. Now extract it's square root. Use Roman Numerals.
Universal constants and laws of science as understood a thousand years ago were somewhat different than those we think are "constant and unchanging" today. I am just saying we should be open to the possibility that there may be alien civilizations that have made their own breakthroughs. Suppose an alien civilization discovered an entirely new form of math, which would simplify matters the way that Arabic numerals did when they supplanted Roman?
Speaking of Einstein... I wonder how well his research into relativity would have progressed had he been confined to using those Roman Numerals?

Blade_Runner Loc: DARK SIDE OF THE MOON

The first time humans began to take note of the sun, the moon and the stars, they saw the same thing we see today--the constellations are the same now as they were then.

If you stretched a ruler across the known universe, the law of gravity would measure 1 inch. If gravity moved one inch in either direction, life in this universe would not be possible.

Smedley_buzkill

debeda

and if a galactic year is 52000 earth years........

Blade_Runner Loc: DARK SIDE OF THE MOON

I wasn't suggesting the universe is static and unmoving, quite the contrary. But, from our extremely limited perspective in time and space, we haven't seen any sort of significant change.

Electromagnetism, Gravity and the strong and weak nuclear forces are the four fundamental forces that hold this universe together and control it.


1) strong nuclear force constant
if larger: no hydrogen would form; atomic nuclei for most life-essential elements would be unstable; thus, no life chemistry
if smaller: no elements heavier than hydrogen would form: again, no life chemistry.

2) weak nuclear force constant
if larger: too much hydrogen would convert to helium in big bang; hence, stars would convert too much matter into heavy elements making life chemistry impossible.
if smaller: too little helium would be produced from big bang; hence, stars would convert too little matter into heavy elements making life chemistry impossible.

3) Gravity
if larger: stars would be too hot and would burn too rapidly and too unevenly for life chemistry
if smaller: stars would be too cool to ignite nuclear fusion; thus, many of the elements needed for life chemistry would never form.

4) Electromagnetism
if greater: chemical bonding would be disrupted; elements more massive than boron would be unstable to fission
if lesser: chemical bonding would be insufficient for life chemistry

5) ratio of electromagnetic force constant to gravitational force constant
if larger: all stars would be at least 40% more massive than the sun; hence, stellar burning would be too brief and too uneven for life support
if smaller: all stars would be at least 20% less massive than the sun, thus incapable of producing heavy elements.

6) ratio of electron to proton mass
if larger: chemical bonding would be insufficient for life chemistry
if smaller: same as above

7) ratio of number of protons to number of electrons
if larger: electromagnetism would dominate gravity, preventing galaxy, star, and planet formation
if smaller: same as above

8) expansion rate of the universe
if larger: no galaxies would form
if smaller: universe would collapse, even before stars formed.

9) entropy level of the universe
if larger: stars would not form within proto-galaxies
if smaller: no proto-galaxies would form.

10) mass density of the universe
if larger: overabundance of deuterium from big bang would cause stars to burn rapidly, too rapidly for life to form
if smaller: insufficient helium from big bang would result in a shortage of heavy elements.

11) velocity of light
if faster: stars would be too luminous for life support.
if slower: stars would be insufficiently luminous for life support.

12) age of the universe
if older: no solar-type stars in a stable burning phase would exist in the right (for life) part of the galaxy
if younger: solar-type stars in a stable burning phase would not yet have formed.

13) initial uniformity of radiation
if more uniform: stars, star clusters, and galaxies would not have formed
if less uniform: universe by now would be mostly black holes and empty space

14) average distance between galaxies
if larger: star formation late enough in the history of the universe would be hampered by lack of material
if smaller: gravitational tug-of-wars would destabilize the sun's orbit.

15) density of galaxy cluster
if denser: galaxy collisions and mergers would disrupt the sun's orbit
if less dense: star formation late enough in the history of the universe would be hampered by lack of material.

16) average distance between stars
if larger: heavy element density would be too sparse for rocky planets to form
if smaller: planetary orbits would be too unstable for life.

17) fine structure constant (describing the fine-structure splitting of spectral lines)
if larger: all stars would be at least 30% less massive than the sun
if larger than 0.06: matter would be unstable in large magnetic fields
if smaller: all stars would be at least 80% more massive than the sun.

18) decay rate of protons
if greater: life would be exterminated by the release of radiation
if smaller: universe would contain insufficient matter for life,

19) 12C to 16O nuclear energy level ratio
if larger: universe would contain insufficient oxygen for life
if smaller: universe would contain insufficient carbon for life.

20) ground state energy level for 4He
if larger: universe would contain insufficient carbon and oxygen for life
if smaller: same as above.

21) decay rate of Beryllium-8
if slower: heavy element fusion would generate catastrophic explosions in all the stars
if faster: no element heavier than beryllium would form; thus, no life chemistry.

22) ratio of neutron mass to proton mass
if higher: neutron decay would yield too few neutrons for the formation of many life-essential elements
if lower: neutron decay would produce so many neutrons as to collapse all stars into neutron stars or black holes.

23) initial excess of nucleons over anti-nucleons
if greater: radiation would prohibit planet formation
if lesser: matter would be insufficient for galaxy or star formation.

24) polarity of the water molecule
if greater: heat of fusion and vaporization would be too high for life
if smaller: heat of fusion and vaporization would be too low for life; liquid water would not work as a solvent for life chemistry; ice would not float, and a runaway freeze-up would result.

25) supernovae eruptions
if too close, too frequent, or too late: radiation would exterminate life on the planet
if too distant, too infrequent, or too soon: heavy elements would be too sparse for rocky planets to form.

26) white dwarf binaries
if too few: insufficient fluorine would exist for life chemistry
if too many: planetary orbits would be too unstable for life
if formed too soon: insufficient fluorine production
if formed too late: fluorine would arrive too late for life chemistry.

27) ratio of exotic matter mass to ordinary matter mass
if larger: universe would collapse before solar-type stars could form
if smaller: no galaxies would form.

28) number of effective dimensions in the early universe
if larger: quantum mechanics, gravity, and relativity could not coexist; thus, life would be impossible
if smaller: same result.

29) number of effective dimensions in the present universe
if smaller: electron, planet, and star orbits would become unstable
if larger: same result.

30) mass of the neutrino
if smaller: galaxy clusters, galaxies, and stars would not form
if larger: galaxy clusters and galaxies would be too dense.

31) big bang ripples
if smaller: galaxies would not form; universe would expand too rapidly
if larger: galaxies/galaxy clusters would be too dense for life; black holes would dominate; universe would collapse before life-site could form.

32) size of the relativistic dilation factor
if smaller: certain life-essential chemical reactions will not function properly
if larger: same result.

33) uncertainty magnitude in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle
if smaller: oxygen t***sport to body cells would be too small and certain life-essential elements would be unstable
if larger: oxygen t***sport to body cells would be too great and certain life-essential elements would be unstable.

34) cosmological constant
if larger: universe would expand too quickly to form solar-type stars

Smedley_buzkill

Gee, it kinda sounds like someone planned it that way, doesn't it? I will say that 8-12 are more opinion than really solid fact. Number 16 is a little premature also. Several are correct (at least I agree, lol) and some I am not really well informed enough to offer an opinion.

emarine

All sounds about right Blade buddy …

But is milk good or bad for you ?

Big dog

I prefer Smedly Buzk**l’s train of thought. At least he’s not a k**ljoy.

Texas Truth Loc: Behind Enemy Lines

I don't think they're here to visit him. I think they're here to make sure he won't leave after they abandon him here decades ago.

Texas Truth Loc: Behind Enemy Lines

One of my concerns are all the tolls that they haven't had to pay. We have cities all up and down the East Coast with economic problems. They probably avoided a few hundred dollars in tolls in a matter of minutes.

Texas Truth Loc: Behind Enemy Lines

If they were more intelligent than us I think they resettle in Costa Rica. I hear it's very nice there.

Texas Truth Loc: Behind Enemy Lines

They do not have to travel the speed of light. Just the ability to fold space using artificial gravity. A gravity well so to speak. Kind of like the ones inside Kevin's head

CarryOn

Agree that extraterrestrial life is a certainty. Also agree that we earthlings may not be worth their time. Will share this old joke ….

Two aliens in outer space discussing earthlings.
The first alien says, "The dominant life forms on the earth planet have developed satellite-based nuclear weapons."
The second alien, who looks exactly like the first, asks, "Are they an emerging intelligence?"
The first alien says, "I don't think so, they have the weapons aimed at themselves."

debeda

Lolololhahahaha good one

Big dog

Very good. And there’s the alien reporting back to his commander...
commander; “What’s it like on earth?”
Soldier; “ it’s not too bad, but everything they eat turns to $h!+.”