Carol Kelly wrote:
I found Luke Short most interesting. Never had heard of him and doesn’t seem he was a vicious k**ler, but was very determined. Interesting that he had influence with Bat Masterson and the day was saved by Wyatt Earp. It appears his family must’ve left Mississippi after the Civil War. Do you have any other facts about him? He was a dandy!
Not to be confused with Luke Short (writer).
Luke L. Short
Born
January 22, 1854
Polk County, Arkansas
Died
September 8, 1893 (aged 39)
Geuda Springs, Kansas, United States
Cause of death
Bright's disease
Nationality
American
Occupation
Cowboy, gambler, saloon owner, gunfighter, Army scout, boxing promoter
Spouse(s)
Hattie Buck
Parent(s)
Josiah Washington Short and Hetty Brumley
Luke L. Short (January 22, 1854 – September 8, 1893) was an American Old West gunfighter, cowboy, U.S. Army scout, dispatch rider, gambler, boxing promoter and saloon owner. He survived numerous gunfights, the most famous of which were against Charlie Storms in Tombstone, Arizona Territory and against Jim Courtright in Fort Worth, Texas. Short had business interests in three of the best known saloons in the Old West: the Oriental in Tombstone, the Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City, and the White Elephant in Fort Worth.
Short was born in Polk County, Arkansas in January 1854. He was the fifth child of Josiah Washington Short (February 2, 1812 – February 8, 1890) and his wife Hetty Brumley (February 2, 1826 – November 30, 1908).[1] Short had nine siblings. The family soon moved to Montague County, Texas.
In 1862, Luke Short witnessed first hand his father being ambushed and attacked by Comanches in their yard. His father was surrounded by the Indians who wounded him with arrows and lances. Inside the house, Luke, who was a little boy at that time, helped the elder Short by d**gging a large rifle to his brother, who then ran and handed it to his father.[2] At the age of 13, Luke was said to have carved the face of a bully when he was still at school, which was a reason why he and his father moved to Forth Worth, Texas.[3]
In 1869, at age 15, Short started work as a cowboy, which he continued through 1875 and during which he made several trips to the Kansas railheads.[4]
Short was reported by Bat Masterson to have k**led six drunken Sioux Indians at various times.[5] Later writers have relied on Masterson's story as t***hful and added to it, but no documentation of these k*****gs has been found.[4] Nonetheless, Short had been in over thirty engagements fighting Indians while working for the government. His first Indian fight was in 1869.[6] Whilst working as a scout for General George Crook in 1876, he was stationed in the Black Hills during the Sioux i**********n. While conducting one of his usual scouting expeditions for the army a band of fifteen Indians suddenly ambushed and fired at him with rifles.[7] Short managed to draw his pistols and fired back, k*****g three of them in quick succession. Some of the Indians gave chase on horseback, and Short k**led two of them before finally reaching safety.
From October 6 to 8, 1878, Short worked as a dispatch courier from Ogallala for Major Thomas Tipton Thornburgh; Short earned $30 (about $780 in 2018). He then served as a civilian scout for Thornburgh until October 20. He enlisted at Sidney, Nebraska to be paid $100 a month (around $2600 today) but he only served for 12 days, for which he was paid $40.[8] The Fort Worth Daily Gazette later described him as "the bravest scout in the government employ."
In an interview later in his life, Short told researcher George H. Morrison that he moved to the Black Hills in 1876 and to Ogallala, Nebraska the next year.[9] Accounts written in Short's later years stated that he was an outlaw during his time in Nebraska.[10] It was around this time that Short was said to have traded whiskey with Indians around Camp Robinson, Nebraska.[3] According to his nephew Wayne Short, Luke was arrested by the army. They put him to a train destined for Omaha, but Luke managed to escape the army escort and went to the makeshift mining and cowtown of Denver, Colorado, taking up gambling as a profession. He is said to have k**led two men on separate occasions due to altercations during their card games.[3]
Gambling days[edit]
Short moved to Leadville, Colorado in 1879 where he continued gambling.[11] Bat Masterson later wrote that Short seriously wounded a man during a gambling dispute in Leadville.[5] He was accused of swindling Texan John Jones "out of $280 on Three Card Monte" [12] and jailed on October 5 for six days in Kansas City.[13]
Gunfight with Charlie Storms[edit]
Short first met Wyatt Earp, William H. Harris and Bat Masterson in Tombstone. Based on their previous friendship, Harris had no problem convincing his partners to engage Earp as a faro dealer at their Oriental Saloon in Tombstone. On Friday, February 25, 1881, Short was serving as the lookout, seated next to the dealer at a faro game in the Oriental, when he was involved in what became a well-known gunfight. His opponent was Charlie Storms. Bat Masterson, who was in Tombstone at the time, described what happened in a magazine article he wrote in 1907:
Storms did not know Short and, like the bad man in Leadville, had sized him up as an insignificant-looking fellow, whom he could slap in the face without expecting a return. Both were about to pull their pistols when I jumped between them and grabbed Storms, at the same time requesting Luke not to shoot, a request I knew he would respect if it was possible without endangering his own life too much. I had no trouble in getting Storms out of the house, as he knew me to be his friend ...
I was just explaining to Luke that Storms was a very decent sort of man when, lo and behold! There he stood before us, without saying a word, he took hold of Luke's arm and pulled him off the sidewalk, where he had been standing, at the same time pulling his pistol, a Colt's cut-off, 45 calibre, single action; but like the Leadvillian, he was too slow, although he succeeded in getting his pistol out. Luke stuck the muzzle of his pistol against Storm's heart and pulled the trigger. The bullet tore the heart asunder and, as he was falling, Luke shot him again. Storms was dead when he hit the ground.[14][notes 1]
Storms' body was taken to the undertaker, where the coroner's jury was convened and testimony was heard. The jury reached a verdict that Storms died from three pistol wounds at the hands of Short, and that Short's actions were justifiable.[15][16] Short was free to go as no further legal action was taken.
Five days after Storms died, the Leadville Democrat wrote about the shooting. It said that Storms approached Short and "catching him by the ear", demanded an apology. According to the account, Storms grabbed Short's ear with his left hand and his right hand contained a pistol aimed at Short. Short drew his weapon and shot Storms, who returned fire but missed. Short then put two more bullets into "the sinking soul of Storms."[16]
Dodge City[edit]
Main article: Dodge City War
Chalk Beeson, co-owner with William Harris of the Long Branch Saloon
Short left Tombstone in early 1881, arriving in Dodge City in April 1881. He remained in Dodge City until the final months of 1883, although he made frequent trips to pursue gambling opportunities. During February 1883, Chalk Beeson sold his interest in the Long Branch to Short.[17] In March, Harris was nominated to run for mayor of Dodge City. Within a few days, on March 19, a "law and order" group nominated Lawrence E. Deger to run against Harris. Deger defeated Harris by 214 v**es to 43 in the e******n of April 3. All five of the city council candidates running with Deger were also elected.[18]
On April 23, the Dodge City Council posted two ordinances that were immediately approved by Mayor Deger. Ordinance No. 70 was "An Ordinance for the Suppression of Vice and Immorality Within the City of Dodge City." Ordinance No. 71 was "An Ordinance to Define and Punish Vagrancy." Reports of that time recorded an event where Short beat a man with a pistol which resulted with the man being bedridden and "in despair" for several days.[19] On April 28, three prostitutes employed at the Long Branch were arrested by City Marshal Jack Bridges and policeman Louis C. Hartman. Soon afterward Short and Hartman exchanged gunfire. Neither man was hurt. Short was quickly arrested and released on $2,000 bond. His preliminary examination was set for May 2.[20]
Forced out of town[edit]
On April 30, Short was again arrested (along with five other gamblers) and placed in jail. The following day Short and the five others were escorted to the train depot and given their choice of east or west-bound trains.[21] Short went east to Kansas City, Missouri, where he looked up Charles E. Bassett at the Marble Hall Saloon. Bassett and Short had a lot in common, and both had at different times owned an interest in the Long Branch Saloon.[22]
Short and Bassett, along with William F. Petillon, began conceiving a plan to get Short back to Dodge City. Short went to Topeka, the capital on May 10, where he presented a petition to Governor George W. Glick. Short returned to Kansas City and was joined there by Bat Masterson. Wyatt Earp arrived in Dodge City, along with several gunfighters on May 31. Short, Earp and Petillon met in Kinsley, Kansas on June 3, 1883, and took the afternoon train to Dodge City. Deger issued a proclamation the following day ordering the closing of all gambling places in Dodge City.[23]
The Dodge City Peace Commission on June 10, 1883. Standing (L-R): William H. Harris, Luke Short, Bat Masterson, William F. Petillon. Seated (L-R): Charlie Bassett, Wyatt Earp, Michael Francis "Frank" McLean and Cornelius "Neil" Brown. Photo by Charles Conkling.[24]
Dodge City Peace Commission[edit]
Main article: Dodge City Peace Commission
Deger's action came during the cattle season and promised ruin for the seasonal boom, and it was economics rather than bloodshed that resolved the "Dodge City War." Additional pressure to resolve the issue had come from the governor as well as the Santa Fe Railroad, which did considerable business in the town. The gambling halls, dance halls and saloons, including the Long Branch, were ordered to be reopened. On June 9, both sides met in a dance hall that opened that night and resolved their differences. The following day eight men gathered and posed for a widely reproduced Wild West history photo. The group was dubbed the Dodge City Peace Commission. The men in the historic photo were William H. Harris, Luke Short, Bat Masterson, William F. Petillon, Charles E. Bassett, Wyatt Earp, Michael Francis "Frank" McLean and Cornelius "Neil" Brown. Shortly after the photo was taken, Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp departed on a westbound train for Colorado.[25]
The Long Branch Saloon had reopened, and the "Dodge City War" had ended without a shot being fired, but Short decided to move on. On November 19, 1883, Short and Harris sold the Long Branch to Roy Drake and Frank Warren. Short moved to San Antonio, Texas, for a brief time before relocating to Fort Worth.[26]
Fort Worth[edit]
Partnership in White Elephant Saloon[edit]
In December 1884, Jacob Christopher "Jake" Johnson, Short, and James A. "Alex" Reddick became the new owners of the Fort Worth White Elephant Saloon.[27] Jake Johnson was one of the wealthiest men in Texas, and his part ownership of the White Elephant was just one of his many business and real estate enterprises. As a co-owner, Short did not deal cards but had card dealers working for him.[28] On May 9, 1885, in what became a routine element of doing business, Short, Jake Johnson, and M.F. "Frank" McLean and three others pleaded guilty and were each fined $25 for "gaming."[29]
It was also around this time in Forth Worth when Short did one of his amazing acts of marksmanship.[30] While dining in a restaurant, the waiter handed him a glass of milk that had a small fly on the surface. Short calmly threw his milk in the air, jerked his gun out and shot the fly.
Sporting pursuits[edit]
Bat Masterson was a boxing enthusiast and tried to interest Short in the sport. At first Short was indifferent, but by June 28, 1885, he found himself acting as the "third man in the ring" when he was called upon to referee a match fought near Weatherford, Texas between the 6-foot-2-inch "Kid Bridges" and the 5-foot-8-inch "St. Joe Kid." The decision of referee Short was that the "St. Joe Kid" won on a foul.[31]
Jake Johnson was responsible for making horse racing a major part of Short's sporting agenda. Johnson and two partners opened the Fort Worth Driving Park in January 1885. Short bought his own race horse named "Tobe," along with some jockey silks for himself, and drove his two-wheeled sulky in a race held on November 13, 1886. Short and "Tobe" came in last in a field of five.[32]
Selling his interest in the White Elephant[edit]
1887 began with Short's younger brother, Henry Jenkins Short, k*****g a man named Charles T. Schuyler at San Angelo, Texas on January 23. San Angelo, 200 miles south-west of Fort Worth, was the town where Short's parents and other family members lived. Initial reports indicated that Schuyler was shot twice, the bullets entering his back and coming out at the front, either one of which would have been fatal. Henry Short fled to Fort Worth, before he could be arrested, to enlist the aid and funds that his brother Luke could provide for his defense. Luke and Henry returned to San Angelo on January 29, and Henry voluntarily surrendered to the sheriff and gave bond for his appearance in the district court.
The money that would be needed to defend Henry Short would have to be provided by Luke, who had already put up the money for Henry's bond. In addition, Luke had at the time some unrelated but very expensive legal problems of his own looming in the Dallas court. The amount that would be needed to handle all of these legal issues was more than Luke had on hand. In order to raise the needed funds, Johnson agreed to purchase Luke Short's one-third interest in the White Elephant on February 7, 1887. Jake Johnson was an assured source for the kind of cash Short needed and had no interest in again being a pa