California has long been synonymous with budget deficits so deep that it looked like the Golden State would inevitably be our Greecebeautiful and bankrupt.
But Gov. Jerry Brown announced that his state has suddenly projected a surplus of $851 million. Two years ago, when Brown came back into office, the state had a $25.4 billion deficit, a Sisyphean problem Governor Arnold struggled with unsuccessfully all last decade.
This reversal of fortune raises a lot of questions. What caused Californias budget turnaround? Is it sustainable? And finally, could there be a national lesson here as Washington tries to confront deficits and debt?
The top-line takeaway is that a balanced deficit-reduction approach seems to have worked in the Golden State. When he entered office in 2011, Brown proposed billion-dollar-plus cuts in welfare and Medi-Cal, as well as $500 billion from the UC system.
All told, his initial proposed budget was almost $20 billion less than Governor Schwarzeneggers 200809 budget, which clocked in at $103 billion. Democrats and unions howled, and Browns ultimate budget was less austere than originally advertised, but deep cuts were enacted.
Crucially, Brown also took on the unpopular task of raising taxeswinning a 2012 ballot fight sonorously known as Proposition 30 and 39that raised sales taxes and closed business tax loopholes. Next year, the combined new revenues are expected to exceed $5.8 billion.
The final factor is an improving economyalways the decisive X factor in deficit-reduction efforts. Californias economy is improving slowly, but the shift from the pit of the Great Recession moved the numbers in the right direction.
The result of increased tax revenues and spending cuts is thatat least for nowa projected deficit has been turned into a surplus.
This is good news. But not everyone is happy. And the numbers do sidestep a deeper problem.
Remember, deficits and debt are different things. Projected year-to-year deficits are comparatively easy to close, especially on the back of an improving economy. But out-of-control debt is ultimately what drags you down.
The Los Angeles Times offered a front-page reality check, under the headline Debt a Cloud Over States Future, pointing out the inconvenient fact that California has accumulated a crushing load of debt for retiree pensions and healthcare now totaling more than taxpayers spend each year on all state programs combined. Ouch.
Browns budget does begin to pay down the debt, but the outstanding amount dwarfs the pay-down.
Browns budget does begin to pay down the debt, but the outstanding amount dwarfs the pay-down. Of course, that hasnt stopped liberal activists from demanding more money be spent immediately on social services, under the banner of investment.
Moreover, there are real questions about whether the increased tax burdenespecially on the wealthywill end up eroding the states tax base in the near future.
Theres some doubt that high income taxpayers wont either move to Nevadaor some other low or no-income tax stateor find other ways, such as delaying realization of cap gains, to avoid hefty new surtaxesespecially since their federal taxes are also increasing, emails the Sacramento Bees Dan Walters. Californias marginal income tax rate (federal plus state) is now highest in U.S. at highest level, about 52 percent.
But Walters acknowledges that Browns budget miracle is more or less legitimate, at least for now. Its mostly new revenue from sales and income tax hike approved by voters in November with a dash of economic recovery and a smidgen of creative bookkeeping such as slowing down some debt repayment and assuming renewal of a tax on health care providers to trigger some federal aid, Walters continues. But overall its mostly the new taxes.
Other Golden State observers take an even more skeptical view. There is a reason Gov. Brown is known as Governor Moonbeam, says KABCs center-right John Phillips. Structural deficits are everywhere, the nonpartisan Legislative Analysts Office says theres still a $1.9 billion budget deficit, and rich people cant cross the state line fast enoughtaking revenues down almost 11 percent since the passage of his Prop 30 tax hikes with them. On the plus side, hey, were not Detroit!
The Rust Belt does have problems that make Californias cyclical deficits and deep legislative dysfunction seem comparatively easy to solve. But Jerry Brown deserves credit for pulling off at least short-term success in a state budget situation that had many experts calling impossible to solve. In the near term, the deficit turned surplus highlights the improving national economic environment.
It also provides a compelling object lesson for advocates of a balanced approach for reducing deficits, like President Obama & Co. Contrary to conservative talking points about how revenue is not a legitimate part of deficit-reduction solutionsinstead, its all spending cuts all the timeCalifornias recent example shows that increased tax rates can help rapidly reduce deficits. Moreover, especially compared with much of Europe, the Obama administrations decision not to simply pursue a path of deep austerity cuts seems to have been the wiser path, at least for now.
But conservatives could have the last laugh if the wealthiest Californians decide to flee the state for comparatively low-tax climes, like a sun-baked Gérard Depardieu.
Bottom line: This fight aint over. But at least for the moment, Jerry Browns balanced if painful plan to turn deep deficits into a modest surplus deserves study. It offers a rare glimpse of good news in the relentlessly bleak world of state budget. Whether it is sustainable remains to be seen.
Brian Devon wrote:
As of January, California has a 4.3 billion dollar budget surplus for the year. Sorry to ruin your "schadenfruede".
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