JFlorio wrote:
Isn't thee a site people like eagleye can go to and talk too other conspiracy theorists? They could all communicate eat jiffypop popcorn then put the tin pan on their head for protection against whatever.
so jf; are you an ostrich also. No sense in finding out what is going on?
US Congressional Research Service
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41371.pdfThen come back and tell us we are "conspiracy" nutjobs.
Don't worry....if you do take the time to read all about this, you won't be calling us anything but the exposers of truth!
Summary
Climate change policies at both the national and international levels have traditionally focused on
measures to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to adapt to the actual or anticipated
impacts of changes in the climate. As a participant in several international agreements on climate
change, the United States has joined with other nations to express concern about climate change.
Some recent technological advances and hypotheses, generally referred to as geoengineering
technologies, have created alternatives to traditional approaches to mitigating climate change. If
deployed, these new technologies could modify the Earths climate on a large scale. Moreover,
these new technologies may become available to foreign governments and entities in the private
sector to use unilaterallywithout authorization from the United States government or an
international treatyas was done in the summer of 2012 when an American citizen conducted an
ocean fertilization experiment off the coast of Canada.
The term geoengineering describes an array of technologies that aim, through large-scale and
deliberate modifications of the Earths energy balance, to reduce temperatures and counteract
anthropogenic climate change. Most of these technologies are at the conceptual and research
stages, and their effectiveness at reducing global temperatures has yet to be proven. Moreover,
very few studies have been published that document the cost, environmental effects, sociopolitical
impacts, and legal implications of geoengineering. If geoengineering technologies were
to be deployed, they are expected to have the potential to cause significant transboundary effects.
In general, geoengineering technologies are categorized as either a carbon dioxide removal
(CDR) method or a solar radiation management (SRM) method. CDR methods address the
warming effects of greenhouse gases by removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.
CDR methods include ocean fertilization, and carbon capture and sequestration. SRM methods
address climate change by increasing the reflectivity of the Earths atmosphere or surface.
Aerosol injection and space-based reflectors are examples of SRM methods. SRM methods do
not remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, but can be deployed faster with relatively
immediate global cooling results compared to CDR methods.
To date, there is limited federal involvement in, or oversight of, geoengineering. However, some
states as well as some federal agencies, notably the Environmental Protection Agency,
Department of Energy, Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Defense, have taken
actions related to geoengineering research or projects. At the international level, there is no
international agreement or organization governing the full spectrum of possible geoengineering
activities. Nevertheless, provisions of many international agreements, including those relating to
climate change, maritime pollution, and air pollution, would likely inform the types of
geoengineering activities that state parties to these agreements might choose to pursue. In 2010,
the Convention on Biological Diversity adopted provisions calling for member parties to abstain
from geoengineering unless the parties have fully considered the risks and impacts of those
activities on biodiversity.
With the possibility that geoengineering technologies may be developed and that climate change
will remain an issue of global concern, policymakers may determine whether geoengineering
warrants attention at either the federal or international level. If so, policymakers will also need to
consider whether geoengineering can be effectively addressed by amendments to existing laws
and international agreements or, alternatively, whether new laws and international treaties would
need to be developed.
Where is jmho when you need him?
Contents
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Geoengineering Governance............................................................................................................ 3
Risk Factors ............................................................................................................................... 4
Policy Considerations ................................................................................................................ 6
Geoengineering Technologies .......................................................................................................... 9
Carbon Dioxide Removal ........................................................................................................ 10
Carbon Capture and Sequestration .................................................................................... 10
Ocean Fertilization ............................................................................................................ 12
Afforestation ...................................................................................................................... 13
Enhanced Weathering ........................................................................................................ 14
Solar Radiation Management .................................................................................................. 15
Enhanced Albedo (Surface and Cloud) ............................................................................. 16
Aerosol Injection ............................................................................................................... 18
Space-Based Reflectors ..................................................................................................... 19
The Debate over the Methods of Oversight ................................................................................... 20
The Status Quo ........................................................................................................................ 20
Threshold for Oversight .......................................................................................................... 20
Methods for Oversight ............................
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