Zemirah wrote:
It is in the eye of the beholder. Solomon managed to convey just that in "Ecclesiastes."
This has been my favorite poem since I first read it in my early teens. Being a Christian, I had read the complete Bible through before ever encountering this poem, so I did not entertain any concept of "Gaia," i.e., worship of the earth deified as a goddess. "Gaia" is an idol, from the imagination of man, and therefore lacking reality, is unworthy of consideration.
William Cullen Bryant's poetry has been described as being "of a thoughtful, meditative character, which has but slight appeal to the mass of readers." (Alexander K. McClure, ed. (1902) Famous American Statesmen and Orators, VI NY, F.F. Lowell Publishing Co., Pg 62), so I am in no way surprised at your failure to appreciate it.
In 1860, he was one of the prime Eastern exponents of Abraham Lincoln, whom he introduced at Cooper Union. That "Cooper Union speech," it was said, lifted Lincoln to the nomination, and then the presidency.
It is the accuracy of his description of the grandeur of the beauty of God's creation, especially in the peaceful solitude to be found in the forest that I find so appealing, having lived for years on the edge of a forest which extends for miles.
Think of the words of Solomon in "Ecclesiastes," which I find Thanatopsis reminiscent of in mood. Solomon was the wisest man who ever lived, yet, at one point in his life, he described the futility of life as meaningless.
Ecclesiastes 1:
1 The words of the Teacher, a son of David, king in Jerusalem:
2
“Meaningless! Meaningless!”
says the Teacher.
“Utterly meaningless!
Everything is meaningless.”
3
What do people gain from all their labors
at which they toil under the sun?
4
Generations come and generations go,
but the earth remains forever..."
Does the initial "doom and gloom" expressed by this poem's author mean we should rip it from the Bible?
In Ecclesiastes 12th and final chapter, Solomon found meaning:
1 "Remember your Creator
Remember him—before the silver cord is severed,
and the golden bowl is broken;
before the pitcher is shattered at the spring,
and the wheel broken at the well,
7
and the dust returns to the ground it came from,
and the spirit returns to God who gave it."
Everyone reacts to a poem with the sum total of their being, which encompasses life experiences, spiritual beliefs and the depth of their capacity for understanding what the author is attempting to convey.
William Cullen Bryant (November 3, 1794 – June 12, 1878) was an American romantic poet, journalist, and long-time editor of the New York Evening Post.
Bryant was born on November 3, 1794, in a log cabin near Cummington, Massachusetts, the second son of Peter Bryant, a doctor and later a state legislator, and Sarah Snell. The genealogies of both of his parents trace back to passengers on the Mayflower; his mother's to John Alden (d. 1687); his father's to Francis Cooke (d. 1663).
He was admitted to the bar in 1815, at the age of 21, and began practicing law in nearby Plainfield, walking the seven miles from Cummington every day. On one of these walks, in December 1815, he noticed a single bird flying on the horizon; the sight moved him enough to write "To a Waterfowl".
"Thanatopsis" is Bryant's most famous poem, which he began composing in 1811, at the age of 17. In 1817 his father took some pages of verse from his son's desk, and submitted them to the North American Review.
His recognition as America's leading poet occurred in 1832, when an expanded version of his Poems was published in the U.S. and, with the assistance of Washington Irving, in Britain.
He is also remembered as a hymnist for the Unitarian Church, a legacy of his father's enormous influence on him.
That is to be deeply regretted, as the officiating individual at the only service I ever attended at a Unitarian Church announced they would now have a prayer to "whatever is out there," however, I have no knowledge of his spiritual standing at his death.
May I suggest you read the poem again, as if for the first time?
It is in the eye of the beholder. Solomon managed ... (
show quote)
I have re-read the poem and this stanza in particular grates. I do not shudder and grow sick at heart, instead I regard this as a release from sorrow, pain and misfortune, a welcome respite before beginning a new life
When thoughts
Of the last bitter hour come like a blight
Over thy spirit, and sad images
Of the stern agony, and shroud, and pall,
And breathless darkness, and the narrow house,
Make thee to shudder and grow sick at heart;--
Succinctly: Ashes to Ashes and Dust to Dust
'Ashes to ashes' derives from the English Burial Service. The text of that service is adapted from the Biblical text, Genesis 3:19 (King James Version:
In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.
In addition to my previous objections I find this poem trite as well, these sentiments have been expressed in many ways as in this Hymn.
Work, for the Day is coming,
Day in the Word foretold,
When, ’mid the scenes triumphant,
Longed for by saints of old,
He, who on earth a stranger
Traversed its paths of pain,
Jesus, the Prince, the Savior,
Comes evermore to reign.
Work, for the Day is coming,
Darkness will soon be gone;
Then o’er the night of weeping
Day without end shall dawn.
What now we sow in sadness
Then we shall reap in joy;
Hope will be changed to gladness,
Praise be our blest employ.
Work, for the Day is coming,
Made for the saints of light;
Off with the garments dreary,
On with the armor bright:
Soon will the strife be ended,
Soon all our toils below;
Not to the dark we’re tending,
But to the Day we go.
Work, for the Lord is coming,
Children of light are we;
From Jesus’ bright appearing
Powers of darkness flee.
Out of the mist, at His bidding,
Souls like the dew are born:
O’er all the East are spreading
Tints of the rosy morn.
Work, then, the Day is coming,
No time for sighing now;
Prize for the race awaits thee,
Wreaths for the victor’s brow.
Now morning Light is breaking,
Soon will the Day appear;
Night shades appall no longer,
Jesus, our Lord, is near.
Or this from The Rubaiyat By Omar Khayyam Written 1120 A.D.
Wake! For the Sun, who scatter'd into flight
The Stars before him from the Field of Night,
Drives Night along with them from Heav'n, and strikes
The Sultan's Turret with a Shaft of Light.
Before the phantom of False morning died,
Methought a Voice within the Tavern cried,
"When all the Temple is prepared within,
Why nods the drowsy Worshipper outside?"
And, as the Cock crew, those who stood before
The Tavern shouted--"Open then the Door!
You know how little while we have to stay,
And, once departed, may return no more."
Now the New Year reviving old Desires,
The thoughtful Soul to Solitude retires,
Where the White Hand Of Moses on the Bough
Puts out, and Jesus from the Ground suspires.
Iram indeed is gone with all his Rose,
And Jamshyd's Sev'n-ring'd Cup where no one knows;
But still a Ruby kindles in the Vine,
And many a Garden by the Water blows,
And David's lips are lockt; but in divine
High-piping Pehlevi, with "Wine! Wine! Wine!
Red Wine!"--the Nightingale cries to the Rose
That sallow cheek of hers t' incarnadine.
Come, fill the Cup, and in the fire of Spring
Your Winter-garment of Repentance fling:
The Bird of Time has but a little way
To flutter--and the Bird is on the Wing.
Whether at Naishapur or Babylon,
Whether the Cup with sweet or bitter run,
The Wine of Life keeps oozing drop by drop,
The Leaves of Life keep falling one by one.
Each Morn a thousand Roses brings, you say;
Yes, but where leaves the Rose of Yesterday?
And this first Summer month that brings the Rose
Shall take Jamshyd and Kaikobad away.
Well, let it take them! What have we to do
With Kaikobad the Great, or Kaikhosru?
Let Zal and Rustum bluster as they will,
Or Hatim call to Supper--heed not you
With me along the strip of Herbage strown
That just divides the desert from the sown,
Where name of Slave and Sultan is forgot--
And Peace to Mahmud on his golden Throne!
A Book of Verses underneath the Bough,
A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread--and Thou
Beside me singing in the Wilderness--
Oh, Wilderness were Paradise enow!
Some for the Glories of This World; and some
Sigh for the Prophet's Paradise to come;
Ah, take the Cash, and let the Credit go,
Nor heed the rumble of a distant Drum!
Look to the blowing Rose about us--"Lo,
Laughing," she says, "into the world I blow,
At once the silken tassel of my Purse
Tear, and its Treasure on the Garden throw."
And those who husbanded the Golden grain,
And those who flung it to the winds like Rain,
Alike to no such aureate Earth are turn'd
As, buried once, Men want dug up again.
The Worldly Hope men set their Hearts upon
Turns Ashes--or it prospers; and anon,
Like Snow upon the Desert's dusty Face,
Lighting a little hour or two--is gone.
Think, in this batter'd Caravanserai
Whose Portals are alternate Night and Day,
How Sultan after Sultan with his Pomp
Abode his destined Hour, and went his way.
They say the Lion and the Lizard keep
The Courts where Jamshyd gloried and drank deep:
And Bahram, that great Hunter--the Wild Ass
Stamps o'er his Head, but cannot break his Sleep.
I sometimes think that never blows so red
The Rose as where some buried Caesar bled;
That every Hyacinth the Garden wears
Dropt in her Lap from some once lovely Head.
And this reviving Herb whose tender Green
Fledges the River-Lip on which we lean--
Ah, lean upon it lightly! for who knows
From what once lovely Lip it springs unseen!
Omar expresses the same dust to dust philosophy, in these and many more verses and holds nature in high regard. His philosophy is an exhortation to abandon the futile attempt to fathom the desire of the Diety and abandon oneself to hedonism.
Byrant’s poem goes on in the same manner until the last stanza when he dutifully returns to Christian philosophy.
So live, that when thy summons comes to join
The innumerable caravan which moves
To that mysterious realm where each shall take
His chamber in the silent halls of death,
Thou go not, like the quarry-slave at night,
Scourged by his dungeon; but, sustain'd and soothed
By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave,
Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch
About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams.
After all the stanzas on wonderful, beautiful nature and becoming an atom in the universe of things, this reversal smells of lip service. While God’s nature is a marvelous, wonderful and beautiful creation, I too am one of His creations. While I can appreciate nature and understand my corporeal form will ultimately vanish in the dust of the earth, it does not cause fear and trepidation. Nor will I glorify the fact that I will ultimately be part of that nature which is so lovingly described. I have been promised a glorious future; all I need to do is strive to attain it.