Singularity

Ancient Tools
Stone tools and other artifacts offer evidence about how early humans made things, how they lived, interacted with their surroundings, and evolved over time.

Spanning the past 2.6 million years, many thousands of archeological sites have been excavated, studied, and dated. These sites often consist of the accumulated debris from making and using stone tools. Because stone tools are less susceptible to destruction than bones, stone artifacts typically offer the best evidence of where and when early humans lived, their geographic dispersal, and their ability to survive in a variety of habitats. But since multiple hominin species often existed at the same time, it can be difficult to determine which species made the tools at any given site.

Most important is that stone tools provide evidence about the technologies, dexterity, particular kinds of mental skills, and innovations that were within the grasp of early human toolmakers.

Early Stone Age Tools
The earliest stone toolmaking developed by at least 2.6 million years ago. The Early Stone Age began with the most basic stone implements made by early humans. These Oldowan toolkits include hammerstones, stone cores, and sharp stone flakes. By about 1.76 million years ago, early humans began to make Acheulean handaxes and other large cutting tools. Explore some examples of Early Stone Age tools.

Middle Stone Age Tools
By 200,000 years ago, the pace of innovation in stone technology began to accelerate. Middle Stone Age toolkits included points, which could be hafted on to shafts to make spears; stone awls, which could have been used to perforate hides; and scrapers that were useful in preparing hide, wood, and other materials. Explore some examples of Middle Stone Age tools.

Later Stone Age Tools
During the Later Stone Age, the pace of innovations rose. People experimented with diverse raw materials (bone, ivory, and antler, as well as stone), the level of craftsmanship increased, and different groups sought their own distinct cultural identity and adopted their own ways of making things. Explore some examples of Later Stone Age tools.

FROM:
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/behavior/stone-tools

An archaeologist and a recreational cave explorer recently discovered at least 70 ancient cave paintings in the Atxurra caves in northern Spain. Although a team located the caves in 1929, the paintings are nearly 1,000 feet inside, and are barely visible to the untrained eye, so they haven’t been seen until now.

Archaeologist Diego Garate and caver Iñaki Intxaurbe saw the 12,500- to 14,500-year-old works, which would have been made during the end of Upper Paleolithic era, and feature hunting scenes, horses, bison, and goats. The Daily Mail reports that researchers have found evidence that the markings may have contained black coal dust, and were made using flint tools.

As ancient as the artworks are, they actually are fairly recent creations compared to those cave paintings discovered on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi in 2014. Those paintings, at least 40,000 years old, are believed to be the world’s oldest-known artwork. That same year, archaeologists also discovered the first known artwork by the Neanderthals in Gorham’s Cave in Gibraltar.

FROM:
https://www.google.com/amp/s/news.artnet.com/art-world/cave-paintings-discovered-in-spain-503939/amp-page

Wolf counselor Loc: Heart of Texas

teabag09

You and they must be wrong. History doesn't go back more than 5 or 6,ooo years. Mike

Singularity

Sounds of nature.

emarine

Wow 2.6 million years & we still all can't get along... pretty depressing when you think about it...

Singularity

Of course written history began at about the time humans developed writing!

There is ample evidence of humans and human activity for a long time before that.

You don't have to believe it for it to be proven fact.

teabag09

I was being sarcastic. Should have said it differently. I realize that everything you stated is right. Mike

Singularity

Thanks Mike

I've learned sarcasm doesn't always come across in a brief reply. Thanks for clarifying.

teabag09

You're right, I should have been a little more detailed. I was referring to Mr. B going on about when History began. Mike

Singularity

Yeah. Ya know, I saw that, too. But since he has chosen to use the ignore function to prevent my posting on his threads, along with several other more erudite and confrontational OPP personalities, not I nor any other was able to refute him.

That is the only way he can pretend and proclaim that no one has ever been able to answer his stale and dated challenges.

jeff smith

sorry bub . their testing procedure is WAAAAAAY off. it is not that old. this is their way of protecting their theory.

Singularity

You offer no proof. Just your claim. Do you have any substantive proof?

Have you more intimate knowlege of the testing procedure and its application to this particular group of cave paintings, or are you critical of the general processes used to date geological strata?

When I ask for substantive proof of your claim, I mean something like this...

From:
Science in Christian Perspective

Radiometric Dating

A Christian Perspective

Dr. Roger C. Wiens

941 Estates Drive, Los Alamos, NM 87544
RCWiens@MSN.Com
[A PDF version of this document is also available.]

Dr. Wiens has a PhD in Physics, with a minor in Geology. His PhD thesis was on isotope ratios in meteorites, including surface exposure dating. He was employed at Caltech's Division of Geological & Planetary Sciences at the time of writing the first edition. He is presently employed in the Space & Atmospheric Sciences Group at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

First edition 1994; revised version 2002.
Radiometric dating--the process of determining the age of rocks from the decay of their radioactive elements--has been in widespread use for over half a century. There are over forty such techniques, each using a different radioactive element or a different way of measuring them. It has become increasingly clear that these radiometric dating techniques agree with each other and as a whole, present a coherent picture in which the Earth was created a very long time ago. Further evidence comes from the complete agreement between radiometric dates and other dating methods such as counting tree rings or glacier ice core layers. Many Christians have been led to distrust radiometric dating and are completely unaware of the great number of laboratory measurements that have shown these methods to be consistent. Many are also unaware that Bible-believing Christians are among those actively involved in radiometric dating.

This paper describes in relatively simple terms how a number of the dating techniques work, how accurately the half-lives of the radioactive elements and the rock dates themselves are known, and how dates are checked with one another. In the process the paper refutes a number of misconceptions prevalent among Christians today. This paper is available on the web via the American Scientific Affiliation and related sites to promote greater understanding and wisdom on this issue, particularly within the Christian community.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction
Overview
The Radiometric Clocks
Examples of Dating Methods for Igneous Rocks
Potassium-Argon
Argon-Argon
Rubidium-Strontium
Samarium-Neodymium, Lutetium-Hafnium, and Rhenium-Osmium
Uranium-Lead
The Age of the Earth
Extinct Radionuclides: The Hourglasses that Ran Out
Cosmogenic Radionuclides: Carbon-14, Beryllium-10, Chlorine-36
Radiometric Dating of Geologically Young Samples
Non-Radiogenic Dating Methods for the Past 100,000 Years
Ice Cores
Varves
Other Annual-Layering Methods
Thermoluminescence
Electron Spin Resonance
Cosmic Ray Exposure Dating
Can We Really Believe the Dating Systems?
Doubters Still Try
Apparent Age?
Rightly Handling the Word of Truth
Appendix: Common Misconceptions Regarding Radiometric Dating Techniques
Resources on the Web
Further Reading: Books
Acknowledgements
More About the Author
Glossary

For a more complete treatment of the general procedures, the link is here provided.
http://asa.calvin.edu/ASA/resources/Wiens.html

jeff smith

sorry to be so long. when I am pushing freight I do not get on this thing. my PROOF is the WORDS of GOD. plus things I hear on the radio while I am at work. radio carbon dating is not accurate. it has been shown to be B.S. there was a group who found some type of rock and split it in half . the one half was brought to a lab to find out how old it might be.the test were run and came back that this rock was very , very old. so they brought the other half of the rock in and asked , " if this rock is that old how did it get this modern day hammer head into it? " science is a meer guessing game and they present theories to show their work is and should be right . so many times these go by way of the shreader . true some wind up very soundly . but most don't. like eating crispy bacon will cause cancer , or we are heading towards another ice age , that one is from the 80's the bacon from the 70's , science has made claims that were supposedly straight up facts way to many times just to be thrown into the garbage. if you want to believe your scientist go ahead. I will believe the word of GOD.