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As Heroin Use by W****s Soars, Parents Urge Gentler Drug War


As Heroin Use by W****s Soars, Parents Urge Gentler Drug War
By KATHARINE Q. SEELYEOCT. 30, 2015
319 COMMENTS
Photo

Amanda Jordan hugged her son, Brett Honor, last month outside a meeting for people with addictions and their families at First Baptist Church in Plaistow, N.H. Ms. Jordan's son Christopher died of a heroin overdose in September. Credit Katherine Taylor for The New York Times

NEWTON, N.H. — When Courtney Griffin was using heroin, she lied, disappeared and stole constantly from her parents to support her $400-a-day habit. Her family paid her debts, never filed a police report and kept her addiction secret — until she was found dead last year of an overdose.


At Courtney’s funeral, they decided to acknowledge the reality that redefined their lives: Their bright, beautiful daughter, just 20, who played the French horn in high school and dreamed of living in Hawaii, had been kicked out of the Marines for drugs. Eventually, she overdosed at her boyfriend’s grandmother’s house, where she died alone.

“When I was a kid, junkies were the worst,” Doug Griffin, 63, Courtney’s father, recalled in their comfortable home here in southeastern New Hampshire. “I used to have an office in New York City. I saw them.”


Tracey Marino in her son’s bedroom in Stratford, Conn., in June. After her son, James, died of a heroin overdose at 23, she wrote about his drug dependency on Facebook.Obituaries Shed Euphemisms to Chronicle Toll of HeroinJULY 11, 2015

Michael Kenney, a recovering heroin addict, with one of his children at his home in Barre, Vt. He is about to open a bank account for the first time.Vermont Tackles Heroin, With Progress in Baby StepsFEB. 25, 2015

Stephanie Predel is off heroin. But the Bennington, Vt., area, where she lives, is in the throes of an epidemic.Heroin Scourge Overtakes a ‘Quaint’ Vermont TownMARCH 5, 2014

Gov. Peter Shumlin, a Democrat, used his State of the State Message on Wednesday in Montpelier to encourage public debate on the growing problem of drug abuse and addiction in his state.In Annual Speech, Vermont Governor Shifts Focus to Drug AbuseJAN. 8, 2014

Victoria DeLong of Rutland, Vt., pointing out a house where drug dealing occurs. “We know what they’re doing in there,” she said.A Call to Arms on a Vermont Heroin EpidemicFEB. 27, 2014

Theresa Dumond said she works as a prostitute to support her heroin habit.Heroin in New England, More Abundant and DeadlyJULY 18, 2013

Noting that “junkies” is a word he would never use now, he said that these days, “they’re working right next to you and you don’t even know it. They’re in my daughter’s bedroom — they are my daughter.”

When the nation’s long-running war against drugs was defined by the crack epidemic and based in poor, predominantly black urban areas, the public response was defined by zero tolerance and stiff prison sentences. But today’s heroin crisis is different. While heroin use has climbed among all demographic groups, it has skyrocketed among w****s; nearly 90 percent of those who tried heroin for the first time in the last decade were white.

And the growing army of families of those lost to heroin — many of them in the suburbs and small towns — are now using their influence, anger and grief to cushion the country’s approach to drugs, from altering the language around addiction to prodding government to treat it not as a crime, but as a disease.

“Because the demographic of people affected are more white, more middle class, these are parents who are empowered,” said Michael Botticelli, director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy, better known as the nation’s drug czar. “They know how to call a legislator, they know how to get angry with their insurance company, they know how to advocate. They have been so instrumental in changing the conversation.”

Mr. Botticelli, a recovering alcoholic who has been sober for 26 years, speaks to some of these parents regularly.

Their efforts also include lobbying statehouses, holding rallies in Washington and starting nonprofit organizations, making these mothers and fathers part of a growing backlash against the harsh tactics of traditional drug enforcement. These days, in rare bipartisan or even nonpartisan agreement, punishment is out and compassion is in.

The p**********l candidates of both parties are now talking about the drug epidemic, with Hillary Rodham Clinton hosting forums on the issue as Jeb Bush and Carly Fiorina tell their own stories of loss while calling for more care and empathy.

Last week, President Obama traveled to West Virginia, a mostly white state with high levels of overdoses, to discuss his $133 million proposal to expand access for drug treatment and prevention programs. The Justice Department is also preparing to release roughly 6,000 inmates from federal prisons as part of an effort to roll back the severe penalties issued to nonviolent drug dealers in decades past.


And in one of the most striking shifts in this new era, some local police departments have stopped punishing many heroin users. In Gloucester, Mass., those who walk into the police station and ask for help, even if they are carrying drugs or needles, are no longer arrested. Instead, they are diverted to treatment, despite questions about the police departments’ unilateral authority to do so. It is an approach being replicated by three dozen other police departments around the country.

“How these policies evolve in the first place, and the connection with race, seems very stark,” said Marc Mauer, executive director of the Sentencing Project, which examines racial issues in the criminal justice system.

Still, he and other experts said, a broad consensus seems to be emerging: The drug problem will not be solved by arrests alone, but rather by treatment.

Parents like the Griffins say that while they recognize the racial shift in heroin use, politicians and law enforcement are responding in this new way because “they realized what they were doing wasn’t working.”

“They’re paying more attention because people are screaming about it,” Mr. Griffin said. “I work with 100 people every day — parents, people in recovery, addicts — who are invading the statehouse, doing everything we can to make as much noise as we can to try to save these kids.”

An Epidemic’s New Terrain

Heroin’s spread into the suburbs and small towns grew out of an earlier wave of addiction to prescription paink**lers; together the two trends are ravaging the country.

Deaths from heroin rose to 8,260 in 2013, quadrupling since 2000 and aggravating what some were already calling the worst drug overdose epidemic in United States history.

Over all, drug overdoses now cause more deaths than car crashes, with opioids like OxyContin and other pain medications k*****g 44 people a day.

Here in New England, the epidemic has grabbed officials by the lapels.

The region’s old industrial cities, quiet small towns and rural outposts are seeing a near-daily parade of drug summit meetings, task forces, vigils against heroin, pronouncements from lawmakers and news media reports on the heroin crisis.



New Hampshire is typical of the hardest-hit states. Last year, 325 people here died of opioid overdoses, a 68 percent increase from the year before. Potentially hundreds more deaths were averted by emergency medical workers, who last year administered naloxone, a medication that reverses the effects of opioid overdoses, in more than 1,900 cases.

Adding to the anxiety and anger among parents, the state also ranks second to last, ahead only of Texas, in access to treatment programs; New Hampshire has about 100,000 people in need of treatment, state officials say, but the state’s publicly financed system can serve just 4 percent of them.

Since New Hampshire holds the first-in-the-nation p**********l primary, residents have repeatedly raised the issue of heroin with the 2016 candidates.

Mrs. Clinton still recalls her surprise that the first question she was asked in April, at her first open meeting in New Hampshire as a candidate, was not about the economy or health care, but heroin.

Last month, she laid out a $10 billion plan to combat and treat drug addiction over the next decade.

She has also led several discussions on the topic around the country, including packed forums like the one in Laconia, N.H., where hundreds of politically engaged, mostly white middle-class men and women, stayed for two hours in a sweltering meeting hall to talk and listen.

One woman described her own struggle with alcoholism, calling it “long, dark, lonely, scary, crazy, chaotic.” Another told of the difficulties of getting her son into a good treatment program, and said he eventually took his own life. A third told Mrs. Clinton of the searing pain of losing her beloved son to heroin.

Many of the 15 Republican candidates for president have heard similar stories, and they are sharing their own.

“I have some personal experience with this as a dad, and it is the most heartbreaking thing in the world to have to go through,” Jeb Bush, the former governor of Florida, said at a town hall-style meeting in Merrimack, N.H., in August. His daughter, Noelle, was jailed twice while in rehab, for being caught with prescription pills and accused of having crack cocaine.


Carly Fiorina, the former chief executive of Hewlett-Packard, tells audiences that she and her husband “buried a child to addiction.” And Gov. Chris Christie of New Jersey released an ad here in New Hampshire declaring, “We need to be pro-life for the 16-year-old drug addict who’s laying on the floor of the county jail.”

All this activity has helped create what Timothy Rourke, the chairman of the New Hampshire Governor’s Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse, says is a perfect storm for change, not unlike the confluence of events that finally produced a response to the AIDS epidemic. “You have a lot of people dying, it’s no longer just ‘those people,’ ” he said. “You have people with lived experience demanding better treatment, and you have really good data.”

And, he said, policy makers know that on top of everything else, substance abuse has become an economic issue. A recent report said the annual cost to New Hampshire in lost productivity, treatment and jail time is $1.8 billion.

Among recent bills passed by the New Hampshire legislature in response is one that gives friends and family access to naloxone, the anti-overdose medication. Mr. Griffin, just a few months after his daughter Courtney died, was among those testifying in favor of the bill. It was set to pass in late May but would not take effect until January 2016 — until Mr. Griffin warned lawmakers that too many lives could be lost in that six-month gap.

At his urging, the bill was amended to take effect as soon as it was signed into law. It went into effect June 2.

Other parents like him have lobbied for similar measures across the country, and they have filled statehouses on days the bills are signed. Almost all states now have laws or pilot programs making it easier for emergency medical workers or family and friends to obtain naloxone. And 32 states have passed “good Samaritan” laws that protect people from prosecution, at least for low-level offenses, if they call 911 to report an overdose.

In New Jersey, those lobbyist parents included the rock singer Jon Bon Jovi, whose daughter survived a heroin overdose while at college.

A More Forgiving Approach

A generation ago when civil rights activists denounced as r****t the push to punish crack-cocaine crimes, largely involving b****s, far more severely than powder-cocaine crimes, involving w****s, political figures of both parties staunchly defended those policies as necessary to control violent crime.


But today, with heroin ravaging largely white communities in New England, the Northeast and the Midwest, and with violent crime largely down, the mood is more forgiving.

“Both the image and reality is that this is a white and often middle-class problem,” said Mr. Mauer of the Sentencing Project. “And appropriately so, we’re having a much broader conversation about prevention and treatment, and trying to be constructive in responding to this problem. This is good. I don’t think we should lock up white kids to show we’re being equal.”

So officers like Eric Adams, a white former undercover narcotics detective in Laconia, are finding new ways to respond. He is deployed full time now by the Police Department to reach out to people who have overdosed and help them get treatment.

“The way I look at addiction now is completely different,” Mr. Adams said. “I can’t tell you what changed inside of me, but these are people and they have a purpose in life and we can’t as law enforcement look at them any other way. They are committing crimes to feed their addiction, plain and simple. They need help.”

Often working with the police, rather than against them, parents are driving these kinds of individual conversions.

Their efforts include attempts to recast addiction in a less stigmatizing light — many parents along with treatment providers are avoiding words like “addict” or “junkie” and instead using terms that convey a chronic illness, like “substance use disorder.”

Some are advocating for large umbrella organizations. Jim Hood, 63, of Westport, Conn., who lost his son, Austin, 20, to heroin three years ago, and Greg Williams, 31, of Danbury, Conn., who is in long-term recovery from substance abuse, organized the Oct. 4 “Unite To Face Addiction” rally in Washington. Featuring musicians like Joe Walsh, Steven Tyler and Sheryl Crow, it brought together more than 750 addiction-related groups that are now collaborating to create a national organization dev**ed to fighting the disease of addiction on the scale of the American Cancer Society and the American Heart Association.

Mr. Hood, a successful businessman, said the fledgling organization, Facing Addiction, was raising money for research and planned to create an authoritative, consumer-friendly website.

When he tried to find help for Austin, he said he had no idea where to turn.

Photo

Families of Courtney Griffin, left, and Christopher Honor, right, prayed during a meeting for family and friends of addicts as well as addicts themselves at First Baptist Church in Plaistow, N.H., last month. Credit Katherine Taylor for The New York Times
“With heart disease or cancer, you know what to do, who to call, where to go,” Mr. Hood said. “With addiction, you just feel like you’re out in the Wild West.”

Ginger Katz of Norwalk, Conn., has equally lofty goals. After her son, Ian, 20, died of a heroin overdose in 1996, she founded the Courage to Speak Foundation to try to end the silence surrounding addiction, and she has developed a drug-prevention curriculum for schools. She is still traveling the country speaking to students and parents.

Doug and Pam Griffin are also trying to connect with other parents. Mr. Griffin, a warm and friendly man, whose walrus mustache has turned gray and whose face bears the lines of exhaustion, still runs his computer hardware business. His wife works for an I.T. provider, and their older daughter, Shannon, runs a flower shop. But they are always thinking about Courtney — her pastel bedroom is as she left it, with the schedules of meetings of Narcotics Anonymous taped to what she called her “recovery wall.”

“We’ve pretty much given up what used to be our life,” Mr. Griffin said.

In addition to testifying at hearings and forums, the Griffins take calls day and night from parents across the country who have read their story and want to offer an encouraging word or ask for advice. They are establishing a sober house, named after Courtney. And they host a potluck dinner and church service once a month on Sunday nights at the First Baptist Church in nearby Plaistow, where they held Courtney’s funeral, for people with addictions and their families.

At the Sunday night service last month, more than 75 people, some from out of state, filled the pews. Among them was the family of Christopher Honor, who was Courtney’s boyfriend. He was also addicted to heroin. Last month, almost a year after Courtney’s death, Chris, 22, died of an overdose — the 23rd overdose and third fatal one this year in Plaistow, a town of 8,000 people.

Chris’s mother, Amanda Jordan, 40, wanted to attend the Sunday night service last month, but it was just two weeks after she had buried Chris, and she worried it might be too soon to go back to that church, where Chris’s funeral was held. She sometimes thinks Chris is still alive, and at his funeral she was convinced he was still breathing.


She was afraid she would fall apart, but she and other family members decided to go anyway. During the service, her son Brett, 18, became so overwhelmed with emotion that he had to leave, rushing down the center aisle for the outside. Ms. Jordan, also distraught, ran after him. Then a family friend, Shane Manning, ran after both of them. Outside, they all clutched one another and sobbed.

“I’m a mess,” Ms. Jordan said after coming back inside and kneeling in front of a picture of Chris. In addition to yearning for her son, she had been worried that the Griffins blamed her for Courtney’s death. But at the church, the Griffins welcomed her. In their shared pain, the two aching families spoke and embraced.

Ms. Jordan, one of the more recent involuntary members of this club of shattered parents, said that someday, when she is better able to function, she “absolutely” wants to work with the Griffins to “help New Hampshire realize there’s a huge problem.” Right now she just wants to hunt down the person who sold Chris his fatal dose. “These dealers aren’t just selling it,” she said. “They’re murdering people.”

Correction: October 30, 2015
Because of an editing error, an earlier version of this article erroneously included one drug among the prescription opioids contributing to 44 deaths each day from overdoses. While OxyContin is a prescription opioid, heroin is not.

Loki Loc: Georgia

The "kinder, gentler" approach has not worked, white or black. The certainty of harsh punishment, by which I mean far harsher and more certain than is currently employed, while not ideal, is at least a better deterrent, if not solution. When people realize that an action has a certain and unpleasant consequence, they are less likely, in many cases, to engage in those actions. There is a lot to be said for fear. While more of a finger in the d**e than a comprehensive solution, it would work better than the joke we have now.