This was proven to me when a friend of ours worked on a construction project in Manhattan some 30 years ago... He had put-up some 12 pieces of walling by lunchtime, and was told to stop for the day because the workers were suppose to put-up only 8 pieces in an 8 hour day...
I actually watched that in progress one time in the 70s. I worked for an outside company maintaining computers. This company was setting up the under floor electrical wiring and computer cables and had the union electricians doing the work. A new guy started the job and had it almost finished in 8 hours when the old union guy relieved him. He looked around and declared, 'this job was booked for 30 hours and it is going to take 30 hours.' He then ripped it all out and started over. 30 hours later it was done and we could finally get to work.
As far as pot holes go, isn't a pothole a naturally made, free speed bump in reverse as opposed to repaving a whole street for thousands of dollars and then installing speed bumps.
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