JoyV wrote:
Cooperation???? Trump multiple times offered to expand DACA for a fraction of the money they gave Obama for the wall. Up until the offer, the outcry that DACA was the most important issue and Trump was a monster for not renewing it was heard daily. Once Trump made the offer, they refused and no more was heard about DACA from the left. Obama spent $2.4 billion on barriers, an unknown amount on purchasing private land through his land grab, law suites are still going on regarding his land grab, and negotiating how much will be paid for water rights, which his lawyers were too ignorant to include in the land grab deals is still up in the air. For all that money the US got inadequate or unworkable fencing along the Rio Grand in east Texas, and vehicle barriers well west of the Rio Grand boundary where i******s simply walk across the border.
So Obama spent $2.4 billion for:
2008-2009 - 27 miles of primary fencing and 70 miles of vehicle barrier was constructed in
Tucson Sector.
2008-2009 - 14 miles of primary fencing was constructed in San Diego Sector.
2008-2009 - 48 miles of primary fencing (levee) was constructed in Rio Grande Valley Sector.
Trump asked for $5 billion to build 234 miles of wall, NOT vehicle barriers!!!!
1st picture is Obama's billions of dollars "fence" he built in the highest illegal crossing sector.
2nd picture is the final piece of Trump's Naco wall section built a few miles from my home. Trump allocated the Naco section should be done with a cap of $42 million. It came in under budget and ahead of schedule. I've never before heard of a government project being done under budget!!!! The funds not used were reallocated.
Cooperation???? Trump multiple times offered to e... (
show quote)
Sorry, forgot about President Obama wall...Oh i mean fence.. originated under Bush.. applied by Presidnet Obama and ridiculed by the orange thing..
The fencing built under the 2006 act was not the first border fencing in the United States. The U.S. Border Patrol first began to erect physical barriers in its San Diego sector in 1990.[2] Fourteen miles of fencing were erected along the border of San Diego, California, and Tijuana, Mexico.[3][4]
Passage and provisions
The Secure Fence Act (Bill H.R. 6061) was introduced in the House of Representatives on September 13, 2006, by Congressman Peter T. King, Republican of New York. The Act passed the House by a v**e of 283–138 on September 14, 2006.[5] It passed the Senate 80–19 on September 29, 2006.[6] The Act received bipartisan support.[7]
In 2006, at the time the Secure Fence Act was passed, George W. Bush's White House touted the fence as "an important step toward immigration reform."[1] The White House Office of the Press Secretary stated that the Act "Authorizes the construction of hundreds of miles of additional fencing along our Southern border; Authorizes more vehicle barriers, checkpoints, and lighting to help prevent people from entering our country illegally; Authorizes the Department of Homeland Security to increase the use of advanced technology like cameras, satellites, and unmanned aerial vehicles to reinforce our infrastructure at the border."[1][better source needed]
2007 amendment
The Secure Fence Act provided for "at least two layers of reinforced fencing" to be built. However, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) successfully argued to Congress "that different border terrains required different types of fencing, that a one-size-fits-all approach across the entire border didn't make sense."[8] An amendment introduced by Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison, Republican of Texas, was passed, amending the law to read: "nothing in this paragraph shall require the Secretary of Homeland Security to install fencing, physical barriers, roads, lighting, cameras, and sensors in a particular location along an international border of the United States, if the Secretary determines that the use or placement of such resources is not the most appropriate means to achieve and maintain operational control over the international border at such location."[8]
Erection of the fence
By April 2009, DHS had erected about 613 miles (985 km) of new pedestrian fencing and vehicle barriers along the southwest border from California to Texas.[9] Delays frustrated some, such as Senator Jim DeMint, Republican of South Carolina, who in 2010 introduced legislation seeking to require completion of the 700-mile-long, double-layered fence. (DHS had since 2007 begun "to shift its focus to erecting a 'virtual fence' along the 2,000-mile border, using sensors, cameras and other high-tech equipment to prevent illegal crossings".) DeMint's legislation was defeated in a 52–45 Senate v**e in 2010.[10]
By May 2011, DHS reported completing 649 miles of fencing (99.5% of the 652 miles planned). The barrier was made up of 299 miles of vehicle barriers and 350 miles of pedestrian fence.[8] The fencing includes a steel fence (varying in height between 18 and 26 feet) that divides the border towns of Nogales, Arizona in the U.S. and Nogales, Sonora in Mexico.[11] A 2016 report by the Government Accountability Office confirmed that the government had completed the fence by 2015.[12] A 2017 GAO report noted: "In addition to the 654 miles of primary fencing, CBP has also deployed additional layers of pedestrian fencing behind the primary border fencing, including 37 miles of secondary fencing and 14 miles of tertiary fencing."[13]
Cost
Although the 2006 law authorized construction of a fence, Congress initially did not fully appropriate funds for it (see authorization-appropriation process). "Congress put aside $1.4 billion for the fence, but the whole cost, including maintenance, was pegged at $50 billion over 25 years, according to analyses at the time."[12]
A 2017 GAO report noted: "According to CBP, from fiscal year 2007 through 2015, it spent approximately $2.3 billion to deploy border fencing along the southwest border, and CBP will need to spend a substantial amount to sustain these investments over their lifetimes. CBP did not provide a current life-cycle costs estimate to maintain pedestrian and vehicle fencing, however, in 2009 CBP estimated that maintaining fencing would cost more than $1 billion over 20 years."[14]
Impact and effects
Illegal border-crossings
A report in May 2008 by the Congressional Research Service found "strong indication" that illegal border-crossers had simply found new routes.[15] A 2017 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report, citing U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) data, found that from fiscal year 2010 through fiscal year 2015, the U.S.-Mexico border fence had been breached 9,287 times, at an average cost of $784 per breach to repair.[16] The same GAO report concluded that "CBP cannot measure the contribution of fencing to border security operations along the southwest border because it has not developed metrics for this assessment."[14] GAO noted that because the government lacked such data, it was unable to assess the effectiveness of border fencing, and therefore could not "identify the cost effectiveness of border fencing compared to other assets the agency deploys, including Border Patrol agents and various surveillance technologies."[17]
The fence is routinely climbed or otherwise circumvented.[11] The GAO reported in 2017 that both pedestrian and vehicle barriers have been defeated by various methods, including using ramps to drive vehicles "up and over" vehicle fencing in the sector; scaling, jumping over, or breaching pedestrian fencing; burrowing or tunneling underground; and even using small aircraft.[18] New York Times op-ed writer Lawrence Downes wrote in 2013: "A climber with a rope can hop it in less than half a minute. ... Smugglers with jackhammers tunnel under it. They throw drugs and rocks over it. The fence is breached not just by sunlight and shadows, but also the hooded gaze of drug-cartel lookouts, and by bullets. Border agents describe their job as an unending battle of wits, a cat-mouse game with the constant threat of violence."[11][19]
Economy
A 2018 paper by Dartmouth College and Stanford University economists found that "at a construction cost of $7 per person, the fence led to a small reduction in migration but had negligible effects on the economy, with high-sk**led US workers losing $4.60 per year in income, and low-sk**led US workers gaining just $0.36 per year."[20]