This is a long read...and I invite civil discussion. My views may be wrong... so, I am open to what you have to say.
Qualifier: Before we get into the teachings of Jesus vice Saul o Tarsus, aka Paul I want to make it abundantly clear that I have no personal like or dislike for Saul/Paul. In my opinion, he was first and foremost a very real person who had a very substantial impact upon the early Christian Church. What I will relay to you is easy to verify. I do not provide this information to you to sway your belief system or lead you in any direction.
Let us take a close look at Saul who began his life as both a Jew and a Roman citizen, born in Tarsus of Cilicia (Modern day Turkey, near the Tarsus River, about 12 miles (20 km) from the Mediterranean Sea coast.) (Acts 22:3; Phil 3:5). He had dual citizenship and as he was a Pharisee. (Philip 3) To understand him, you must first understand just who were the Pharisees to include their belief systems. *For a timeline of Saul of Tarsus see
https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/paul/timeline.cfm This website is complete with applicable, and verified, bible references.
The Pharisees were not a political party but a society of scholars and pietists. In the New Testament, they appear to be spokesmen for much of the population in Levant—the Holy Land. About 100 BCE a long struggle ensued as the Pharisees tried to democratize the Jewish religion and remove it from the control of the Temple priests. The Pharisees asserted that G*d could and should be worshiped even away from the Temple and outside Jerusalem. To the Pharisees, worship consisted not in sacrifices—the practice of the Temple priests—but in prayer and in the study of G*d’s law. Hence, the Pharisees fostered the synagogue as an institution of religious worship, outside and separate from the Temple. The synagogue may thus be considered a Pharisaic institution, since the Pharisees developed it, raised it to high eminence, and gave it a principal place in Jewish religious life.
The active period of Pharasaism, the most-influential movement extended well into the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE. The Pharisees preserved and transmitted Judaism through the flexibility they gave to Jewish scriptural interpretation in the face of changing historical circumstances. The efforts they devoted to education also had a seminal importance in subsequent Jewish history. After the destruction of the Second Temple and the fall of Jerusalem in 70 CE, it was the synagogue and the schools of the Pharisees that continued to function and to promote Judaism in the long centuries following the Diaspora.
Keep this in mind as we go thought the teachings of Saul/Paul and Jesus.
Kingdom Doctrine of Jesus or the Justification/Replacement aka Fulfillment Doctrine or Saul/Paul
I feel the need to define these terms before discussion:
Kingdom Doctrine; was proclaimed by *John the Baptizer, taught by Jesus and his 12 disciples (did not include Saul of Tarsus). See Matthew 3, 4, and 9. Was preached only to the Jews (Matthew 15). Required repentance, baptism, and faith + works. See Deuteronomy 28, Zechariah 14, Isaiah 2 and 11, and Matthew 19. Content of message was Jesus was the Messiah, the Son of G*d. And as proclaimed by Jesus the Kingdom (Luke 17) is inside of everyone. *special note: John the Baptizer was Jesus’ cousin.
Replacement/Fulfillment Doctrine; Proclaimed by Paul, taught to the Gentiles see Acts, 1 Corinthians 15, requires faith alone, and the church became the “chosen people” of G*d replacing the Jew.
Before we approach the subject at hand, I can imagine you saying or thinking that Jesus did not like the Scribes or Pharisees. This is not entirely true. He did not like what they were doing, or attitude…but, did not really have a problem with the message. See Matthew 23… there is a nugget “The scribes and the Pharisees sit on Moses’ seat; therefore, do whatever they teach you and follow it; but do not do as they do, for they do not practice what they teach.” So, shoot the messenger but preserve the message.
Now let us get into Pauline Doctrine and the Kingdom Doctrine of Jesus.
Let us take a close look; one of the early persecutors of Christians (those who followed Jesus) was a man name Saul of Tarsus, both a Roman citizen and a Jew. There is no record how he obtained a dual status, and one can only speculate. What we do know, from his own words, he was no friend of the new “cult” of those following the Jesus. See Acts chapter 7 and chapter 22. Regardless, one must give credit where credit is due, he was highly educated. Saul opens his doctrine by an introduction, he claimed he had a vision on the road to Damascus and due to that vision, he became a changed man. To signify his new life, he renamed himself from “Saul” to “Paul.” Because of his education and status, Paul was very impressive to most of the founding Christians who were mostly uneducated fishermen and shepherds, such as Peter and John, who are described in Acts 4:13 as being “unlearned and ignorant” , which was written by gospel-writer Luke, a presumably-educated physician and a close friend to Saul/Paul. (A couple of notable exceptions are James, the brother of Jesus, and Matthew, the Publican. In addition to being educated, these are two of the New Testament writers who had lived closest to Jesus during his actual lifetime and ministry.)
Letters of Saul are eloquent, clearly demonstrate his educational achievements, and fill up one third of the New Testament. And they undermine the teachings of Jesus. Why? I can speculate… Perhaps this admitted persecutor of Christians found a more effective way to subvert the followers of Jesus. But, it is not possible to question him on his motives, he is long dead. What we can say with certainty, however, is that after examining the legacy of writing he left — more than any other writer in the Bible — that for whatever reason, intentional or a great historical misunderstanding, the message he left opposed and undermined that of the titular messiah (Jesus the “Christ”) to whom he claimed obeisance. The evidence becomes apparent when we compare the words of Paul side by side with those attributed to Jesus (who left no writings of his own) and to the other followers closest to Jesus, such as his brother James.
Let’s examine the record:
Faith vs. Works
On the critical religious matter of just what it takes to attain salvation, what Jesus teaches is very different than what is written in the words “apostle” Paul.
Paul teaches salvation on faith alone. Jesus on the other hand stressed behavior requirements; work and deeds. More clearly, an internal change of spiritual growth is integral to salvation. While perhaps it is not possible for us to “earn” the “free gift” that Jesus did give — a teaching of the universal compassionate love by which the evil within us can be transformed into a more holy kindness of love — Jesus clearly includes a behavioral component to his requirements for “salvation.” While he does not say that this satisfies any “debt,” he still requires it. See James 2:26, that we demonstrate our faith — if it is genuine — by our deeds. At this point, one or more of our bible scholars will say… but Isaiah 64:6 says: “We have all become like one who is unclean, and all our righteous deeds are like a polluted garment. We all fade like a leaf, and our iniquities, like the wind, take us away.” This is true, our puny mortal attempts of righteousness will fall short. Just as a child may offer its parents an awkwardly-drawn piece of art, which likely holds little real artistic merit (in terms of art critics it might be as “filthy rags”), still the parents sincerely and genuinely cherish such efforts. It may not “merit” winning any serious art award and may be able to “earn” very little, but loving parents accept it for its true and lasting value. So, our G*d, a perfect spiritual Father, will accept our “filthy rags” if they are offered as both sincere and our best effort. John, Chapter 3 “And this is the judgment: the light has come into the world, and people loved the darkness rather than the light because their works were evil.”
In his first public teaching (the Sermon on the Mount) Jesus introduces a bold new concept, not only that we should love friends and neighbors, but our enemies as well.
When asked by a lawyer what the most important commandment in the law was, Jesus answered (as reported in Matt 22:36-40 and Luke 10:25-37) with references from the Old Testament, that the greatest law was to love G*d (see Deut 6:5) and the second was to love your neighbor as yourself (see Lev 19:18). In the Luke text, the lawyer specifically asks what is necessary for eternal life and after Jesus references the two great commandments, he says “This do and you will live.” In the book of Luke, Jesus gives the example of the “good Samaritan” to illustrate the term “neighbor.” Interesting, there is nothing in the parable that implies that the “Samaritan” was either saved by faith or even one who is a follower of Jesus. Yet, Jesus points him out as one gained eternal life because of his actions.
Further in Jesus’ minister he gave another example… Matthew, Mark, and Luke reports the same… that to be like “children” to enter the Kingdom. So, Jesus makes it clear that compassion and innocence are important. While Paul stresses maturity and demands that we forsake things of childhood. See 1 Corinthians. Leads one to think that the gift of eternal life rests on mature (adult) acceptance of Jesus without ever performing a kind, compassionate or cheerful (childish) deed.
TBC